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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Experimental evolution of conflict mediation between genomes.
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Experimental evolution of conflict mediation between genomes.

机译：基因组之间冲突中介的实验演变。

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摘要

Transitions to new levels of biological complexity often require cooperation among component individuals, but individual selection among those components may favor a selfishness that thwarts the evolution of cooperation. Biological systems with elements of cooperation and conflict are especially challenging to understand because the very direction of evolution is indeterminate and cannot be predicted without knowing which types of selfish mutations and interactions can arise. Here, we investigated the evolution of two bacteriophages (f1 and IKe) experimentally forced to obey a life cycle with elements of cooperation and conflict, whose outcome could have ranged from extinction of the population (due to selection of selfish elements) to extreme cooperation. Our results show the de novo evolution of a conflict mediation system that facilitates cooperation. Specifically, the two phages evolved to copackage their genomes into one protein coat, ensuring cotransmission with each other and virtually eliminating conflict. Thereafter, IKe evolved such extreme genome reduction that it lost the ability to make its own virions independent of f1. Our results parallel a variety of conflict mediation mechanisms existing in nature: evolution of reduced genomes in symbionts, cotransmission of partners, and obligate coexistence between cooperating species.
机译：过渡到新的生物复杂性水平通常需要组成个体之间的合作，但是在这些组成部分中进行个体选择可能会有利于自私，从而阻碍了合作的发展。具有合作与冲突因素的生物系统尤其难以理解，因为进化的方向是不确定的，如果不知道会出现哪种自私的突变和相互作用，就无法预测。在这里，我们研究了两种噬菌体（f1和IKe）的进化，这些噬菌体被实验服从具有合作和冲突因素的生命周期，其结果可能从种群灭绝（由于选择自私因素）到极端合作。我们的结果表明，冲突调解系统从头开始发展，促进了合作。具体而言，两个噬菌体进化为将其基因组共包装为一层蛋白，从而确保了相互共传并实际上消除了冲突。此后，IKe进化出极端的基因组减少，以至于失去了使自己的病毒粒子独立于f1的能力。我们的结果与自然界中存在的多种冲突调解机制平行：共生体中基因组减少的进化，伴侣的共同传播以及合作物种之间的专一共存。

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