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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Ancestry and progeny of nutrient amino acid transporters.
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Ancestry and progeny of nutrient amino acid transporters.

机译：营养氨基酸转运蛋白的祖先和后代。

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摘要

The biosynthesis of structural and signaling molecules depends on intracellular concentrations of essential amino acids, which are maintained by a specific system of plasma membrane transporters. We identify a unique population of nutrient amino acid transporters (NATs) within the sodium-neurotransmitter symporter family and have characterized a member of the NAT subfamily from the larval midgut of the Yellow Fever vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti (aeAAT1, AAR08269), which primarily supplies phenylalanine, an essential substrate for the synthesis of neuronal and cuticular catecholamines. Further analysis suggests that NATs constitute a comprehensive transport metabolon for the epithelial uptake and redistribution of essential amino acids including precursors of several neurotransmitters. In contrast to the highly conserved subfamily of orthologous neurotransmitter transporters, lineage-specific, paralogous NATs undergo rapid gene multiplication/substitution that enables a high degree of evolutionary plasticity of nutrient amino acid uptake mechanisms and facilitates environmental and nutrient adaptations of organisms. These findings provide a unique model for understanding the molecular mechanisms, physiology, and evolution of amino acid and neurotransmitter transport systems and imply that monoamine and GABA transporters evolved by selection and conservation of earlier neuronal NATs.
机译：结构和信号分子的生物合成取决于细胞内必需氨基酸的浓度，该浓度由特定的质膜转运蛋白系统维持。我们确定了钠神经递质共转运蛋白家族内的独特的营养氨基酸转运蛋白（NATs）种群，并从黄热病媒介蚊Aedes aegypti（aeAAT1，AAR08269）的幼虫中肠鉴定了NAT亚家族的成员。提供苯丙氨酸，苯丙氨酸是合成神经元和表皮儿茶酚胺的重要底物。进一步的分析表明，NAT构成了上皮摄取和再分配必需氨基酸（包括几种神经递质的前体）的综合运输代谢素。与直系同源神经递质转运蛋白的高度保守的亚家族相反，沿袭特异性，旁系同源NAT经历了快速的基因增殖/取代，这使得营养氨基酸的摄取机制具有高度的进化可塑性，并促进了生物体对环境和营养的适应。这些发现为理解氨基酸和神经递质转运系统的分子机制，生理学和进化提供了独特的模型，并暗示单胺和GABA转运蛋白是通过早期神经元NAT的选择和保守而进化的。

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