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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Experimental measurement of an effective temperature for jammed granular materials
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Experimental measurement of an effective temperature for jammed granular materials

机译：堵塞的颗粒材料的有效温度的实验测量

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摘要

A densely packed granular system is an example of an out-of-equilibrium system in the jammed state. It has been a longstanding problem to determine whether this class of systems can be described by concepts arising from equilibrium statistical mechanics, such as an effective temperature and compactivity. The measurement of the effective temperature is realized in the laboratory by slowly shearing a closely packed ensemble of spherical beads confined by an external pressure in a Couette geometry. All of the probe particles considered in this study, independent of their characteristic features, equilibrate at the same temperature, given by the packing density of the system.
机译：密集堆积的颗粒系统是处于阻塞状态的不平衡系统的示例。确定此类系统是否可以用平衡统计力学（例如有效温度和压实度）产生的概念来描述，一直是一个长期的问题。有效温度的测量是在实验室中通过缓慢剪切紧密堆积的球珠实现的，该球珠由库埃特几何形状的外部压力限制。本研究中考虑的所有探针颗粒，无论其特征如何，均在相同的温度下达到平衡，具体取决于系统的堆积密度。

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