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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evolutionary origin of cAMP-based chemoattraction in the social amoebae
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Evolutionary origin of cAMP-based chemoattraction in the social amoebae

机译：社会变形虫中基于cAMP的化学引诱的进化起源

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摘要

Phenotypic novelties can arise if integrated developmental pathways are expressed at new developmental stages and then recruited to serve new functions. We analyze the origin of a novel developmental trait of Dictyostelid amoebae: the evolution of cAMP as a developmental chemoattractant. We show that cAMP's role of attracting starving amoebae arose through recruitment of a pathway that originally evolved to coordinate fruiting body morphogenesis. Orthologues of the high-affinity cAMP receptor (cAR), cAR1, were identified in a selection of species that span the Dictyostelid phylogeny. The cAR1 orthologue from the basal species Dictyostelium minutum restored aggregation and development when expressed in an aggregation-defective mutant of the derived species Dictyostelium discoideum that lacks high-affinity cARs, thus demonstrating that the D. minutum cAR is a fully functional cAR. cAR1 orthologues from basal species are expressed during fruiting body formation, and only this process, and not aggregation, was disrupted by abrogation of cAR1 function. This is in contrast to derived species, where cAR1 is also expressed during aggregation and critically regulates this process. Our data show that coordination of fruiting body formation is the ancestral function of extracellular cAMP signaling, whereas its derived role in aggregation evolved by recruitment of a preexisting pathway to an earlier stage of development. This most likely occurred by addition of distal cis-regulatory regions to existing cAMP signaling genes.
机译：如果在新的发育阶段表达整合的发育途径，然后招募其担当新的职能，就会出现表型新颖性。我们分析了双歧杆菌的一种新的发育性状的起源：cAMP作为一种发展趋化剂的演变。我们表明，cAMP的吸引饥饿的变形虫的作用是通过募集最初进化为协调子实体形态发生的途径而产生的。高亲和力cAMP受体（cAR）的直向同源物，在跨越Dictyostelid系统发育的一系列物种中得以鉴定。当在缺乏高亲和力cARs的衍生物种Dictyostelium discoideum的聚集缺陷型突变体中表达时，基础物种Dictyostelium minutum的cAR1直向同源物恢复了聚集和发育，从而证明了D. minutum cAR是功能齐全的cAR。来自基础物种的cAR1直向同源物在子实体形成过程中表达，并且只有该过程（而不是聚集）被cAR1功能的取消破坏。这与衍生物种相反，在衍生物种中，cAR1也在聚集过程中表达，并严格调节这一过程。我们的数据表明，子实体形成的协调是细胞外cAMP信号传导的祖先功能，而其在聚集中的衍生作用是通过募集一条先前存在的途径向发育的早期阶段演化而来的。这很可能是由于在现有的cAMP信号基因中增加了远端的顺式调控区域而引起的。

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