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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Stable barley chromosomes without centromeric repeats
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Stable barley chromosomes without centromeric repeats

机译：大麦染色体稳定，无着丝粒重复

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The satellite sequences (AGGGAG)(n) and Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. Using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7H (7HS) that lacked the barley-specific satellite sequence (AGGGAG),. Two telocentric derivatives of the isochromosome arose in the progeny: 7HS* with and 7HS** without the pericentromeric C-band. FISH analysis demonstrated that both telosomes lacked not only the barley-specific centromeric (AGGGAG), repeats and retroelements but also any of the known wheat centromeric tandem repeats, including the 192-bp, 250-bp, and Tail sequences. Although they lacked these centromeric repeats, 7HS* and 7HS** both showed normal mitotic and meiotic transmission. Translocation of barley centromeric repeats to a wheat chromosome 4A did not generate a dicentric chromosome. Indirect immunostaining revealed that all tested centromere-specific proteins (rice CENH3, maize CENP-C, and putative barley homologues of the yeast kinetochore proteins CBF5 and SKP1) and histone H3 phosphorylated at serines 10 and 28 localized at the centromeric region of 7HS*. We conclude that the barley centromeric repeats are neither sufficient nor obligatory to assemble kinetochores, and we discuss the possible formation of a novel centromere in a barley chromosome.
机译：已知卫星序列（AGGGAG）（n）和Ty3 /吉普赛样逆转录转座子位于大麦着丝粒。使用杀配子系统，该系统在添加到普通小麦中的大麦染色体中诱导染色体突变，我们获得了大麦7H（7HS）短臂缺少大麦特有卫星序列（AGGGAG）的等染色体。异源染色体的两个端中心衍生物出现在后代中：带有7HS *的和没有HS的7HS **。 FISH分析表明，两个端粒不仅缺少大麦特异性着丝粒（AGGGAG），重复序列和反转录元件，而且缺少任何已知的小麦着丝粒串联重复序列，包括192-bp，250-bp和Tail序列。尽管它们缺少这些着丝粒重复序列，但7HS *和7HS **均显示正常的有丝分裂和减数分裂传递。大麦着丝粒重复序列向小麦染色体4A的易位没有产生双着丝粒染色体。间接免疫染色显示，所有测试的着丝粒特异性蛋白（大米CENH3，玉米CENP-C和推定的酵母线粒体蛋白CBF5和SKP1的推定大麦同源物）和组蛋白H3都在丝氨酸10和28处磷酸化，位于7HS *的着丝粒区域。我们得出的结论是，大麦着丝粒重复序列既不充分也不是必需的，不能组装动植物，并且我们讨论了在大麦染色体中形成新型着丝粒的可能。

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