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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations
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Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations

机译：互补的性别决定大大增加了单倍体种群的灭绝倾向

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摘要

The role of genetic factors in extinction is firmly established for diploid organisms, but haplodiploids have been considered immune to genetic load impacts because deleterious alleles are readily purged in haploid males. However, we show that single-locus complementary sex determination ancestral to the haplodiploid Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) imposes a substantial genetic load through homozygosity at the sex locus that results in the production of inviable or sterile diploid males. Using stochastic modeling, we have discovered that diploid male production (DMP) can initiate a rapid and previously uncharacterized extinction vortex. The extinction rate in haplodiploid populations with DMP is an order of magnitude greater than in its absence under realistic but conservative demographic parameter values. Furthermore, DMP alone can elevate the base extinction risk in haplodiploids by over an order of magnitude higher than that caused by inbreeding depression in threatened diploids. Thus, contrary to previous expectations, haplodiploids are more, rather than less, prone to extinction for genetic reasons. Our findings necessitate a fundamental shift in approaches to the conservation and population biology of these ecologically and economically crucial insects.
机译：对于二倍体生物，已经确定了遗传因素在灭绝中的作用，但是由于单倍体雄性很容易清除有害等位基因，因此单倍体被认为对遗传负荷的影响免疫。但是，我们表明，单倍体膜翅目（蚂蚁，蜜蜂和黄蜂）祖先的单位点互补性别决定通过性位点的纯合性强加了大量的遗传负荷，导致无法繁殖或不育的二倍体雄性产生。使用随机建模，我们发现二倍体雄性产生（DMP）可以启动一个快速的，以前没有特征的灭绝涡。在现实但保守的人口统计学参数值下，具有DMP的单倍体种群的灭绝率比没有DMP的灭绝率高一个数量级。此外，仅DMP可以使单倍体的基本灭绝风险比受威胁的二倍体的近交性衰退引起的灭绝风险高一个数量级。因此，与以前的预期相反，由于遗传原因，单倍体更容易灭绝。我们的发现有必要从根本上改变这些对生态和经济至关重要的昆虫的保护和种群生物学方法。

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