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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The effect of smoke, dust, and pollution aerosol on shallow cloud development over the Atlantic Ocean
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The effect of smoke, dust, and pollution aerosol on shallow cloud development over the Atlantic Ocean

机译：烟雾，灰尘和污染气溶胶对大西洋上空浅层云发展的影响

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Clouds developing in a polluted environment tend to have more numerous but smaller droplets. This property may lead to suppression of precipitation and longer cloud lifetime. Absorption of incoming solar radiation by aerosols, however, can reduce the cloud cover. The net aerosol effect on clouds is currently the largest uncertainty in evaluating climate forcing. Using large statistics of 1-km resolution MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data, we study the aerosol effect on shallow water clouds, separately in four regions of the Atlantic Ocean, for June through August 2002: marine aerosol (30°S-20°S), smoke (20°S-5°N), mineral dust (5°N-25°N), and pollution aerosols (30°N-60°N). All four aerosol types affect the cloud droplet size. We also find that the coverage of shallow clouds increases in all of the cases by 0.2-0.4 from clean to polluted, smoky, or dusty conditions. Covariability analysis with meteorological parameters associates most of this change to aerosol, for each of the four regions and 3 months studied. In our opinion, there is low probability that the net aerosol effect can be explained by coincidental, unresolved, changes in meteorological conditions that also accumulate aerosol, or errors in the data, although further in situ measurements and model developments are needed to fully understand the processes. The radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere incurred by the aerosol effect on the shallow clouds and solar radiation is —11 ± 3 W/m~2 for the 3 months studied; 2/3 of it is due to the aerosol-induced cloud changes, and 1/3 is due to aerosol direct radiative effect.
机译：在受污染的环境中生长的云倾向于具有更多但更小的液滴。此属性可能导致抑制降水并延长云的寿命。但是，气溶胶吸收入射的太阳辐射会减少云量。目前，对云层的净气溶胶效应是评估气候强迫的最大不确定性。利用1 km分辨率MODIS（中等分辨率成像光谱仪）卫星数据的大量统计数据，我们分别研究了2002年6月至2002年8月在大西洋四个地区的浅水云对气溶胶的影响：海洋气溶胶（30°S- 20°S），烟雾（20°S-5°N），矿物粉尘（5°N-25°N）和污染气溶胶（30°N-60°N）。所有四种气溶胶类型都会影响云滴大小。我们还发现，在所有情况下，从干净到污染，冒烟或多尘的情况下，浅云的覆盖率都会增加0.2-0.4。对于所研究的四个区域和三个月中的每个区域，具有气象参数的协变分析都将这种变化的大部分与气溶胶相关。在我们看来，尽管需要进一步的原位测量和模型开发来充分了解大气层的状况，但净气溶胶效应可以通过偶然的，未解决的，气象条件的变化（也积累了气溶胶）或数据中的误差来解释的可能性很小。流程。在研究的3个月中，气溶胶效应对浅云和太阳辐射在大气顶部产生的辐射效应为-11±3 W / m〜2；其中的2/3是由于气溶胶引起的云层变化，而1/3是由于气溶胶直接辐射效应。

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