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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evolutionary animation: How do molecular phylogenies compare to Mayr's reconstruction of speciation patterns in the sea?
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Evolutionary animation: How do molecular phylogenies compare to Mayr's reconstruction of speciation patterns in the sea?

机译：进化动画：分子系统发育与Mayr在海洋中物种形成模式的重建相比如何？

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摘要

Ernst Mayr used the geography of closely related species in various stages of increasing divergence to "animate" the process of geographic, or allopatric, speciation. This approach was applied to a wide set of taxa, and a seminal paper by Mayr used it to explore speciation patterns in tropical sea urchins. Since then, taxonomic information in several of these genera has been augmented by detailed molecular phylogenies. We compare Mayr's animation with the phylogenies of eight sea urchin genera placed by Mayr into four speciation groups. True to Mayr's predictions, early-stage genera have on average lower species divergence and more polytypic species than genera in later stages. For six of these genera, we also have information about the evolution of the gamete recognition protein bindin, which is critical to reproductive isolation. These comparisons show that later-stage genera with many sympatric species tend to be those with rapid bindin evolution. By contrast, early-stage genera with few sympatric species are not necessarily earlier in the divergence process; they happen to be those with slow rates of bindin evolution. These results show that the rate of speciation in sea urchins does not only depend on the steady accumulation of genome divergence over time, but also on the rate of evolution of gamete recognition proteins. The animation method used by Mayr is generally supported by molecular phylogenies. However, the existence of multiple rates in the acquisition of reproductive isolation complicates placement of different genera in an evolutionary series.
机译：恩斯特·梅尔（Ernst Mayr）在趋异的各个阶段中使用了紧密相关物种的地理，以“激活”地理或异种物种形成过程。这种方法适用于各种各样的分类单元，Mayr的开创性论文使用它来探索热带海胆的物种形成模式。从那时起，详细的分子系统发生学就增强了其中几个属的分类学信息。我们将Mayr的动画与Mayr划分为四个物种组的八个海胆属的系统发育进行了比较。如Mayr的预测所言，与后期的属相比，早期的属平均而言具有较低的物种差异和更多的多型物种。对于其中的六个属，我们还获得了有关配子识别蛋白结蛋白进化的信息，这对生殖分离至关重要。这些比较表明，具有许多同胞种的后期属往往是具有快速结合素进化的属。相比之下，很少有同胞属的早期属在分化过程中并不一定较早。他们碰巧是结合素进化速度缓慢的人。这些结果表明，海胆中物种形成的速率不仅取决于基因组差异随时间的稳定积累，而且还取决于配子识别蛋白的进化速率。 Mayr使用的动画方法通常由分子系统发育支持。但是，在获得生殖隔离中存在多种比率会使不同属在进化系列中的放置复杂化。

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