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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity
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Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity

机译：减轻人与生物多样性之间的空间冲突

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摘要

Human settlements are expanding in species-rich regions and pose a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. We quantify the degree to which this threat manifests itself in two contrasting continents, Australia and North America, and suggest how it can be substantially alleviated. Human population density has a strong positive correlation with species richness in Australia for birds, mammals, amphibians, and butterflies (but not reptiles) and in North America for all five taxa. Nevertheless, conservation investments could secure locations that harbor almost all species while greatly reducing overlap with densely populated regions. We compared two conservation-planning scenarios that each aimed to represent all species at least once in a minimum set of sampling sites. The first scenario assigned equal cost to each site (ignoring differences in human population density); the second assigned a cost proportional to the site's human population density. Under the equal-cost scenario, 13-40% of selected sites occurred where population density values were highest (in the top decile). However, this overlap was reduced to as low as 0%, and in almost all cases to <10%, under the population-cost scenario, when sites of high population density were avoided where possible. Moreover, this reduction of overlap was achieved with only small increases in the total amount of area requiring protection. As densely populated regions continue to expand rapidly and drive up land values, the strategic conservation investments of the kind highlighted in our analysis are best made now.
机译：在物种丰富的地区，人类住区正在扩大，对生物多样性的保护构成了严重威胁。我们量化了这种威胁在两个相反的大陆（澳大利亚和北美）表现出来的程度，并提出了可以如何缓解这种威胁的建议。人口密度与鸟类，哺乳动物，两栖动物和蝴蝶（但不包括爬行动物）的物种丰富度以及澳大利亚的所有五个类群的物种丰富度密切相关。然而，保护投资可以确保几乎所有物种都栖息的地方，同时大大减少与人口稠密地区的重叠。我们比较了两种保护规划方案，每种方案旨在在最少的一组采样地点中至少代表一次所有物种。第一种情况为每个站点分配了相等的成本（忽略了人口密度的差异）；第二个分配的费用与该站点的人口密度成正比。在等价方案下，有13-40％的选定地点发生在人口密度值最高的地方（最高的十分位）。但是，在人口成本情景下，如果可能的话，避免高人口密度的地点，这种重叠减少到低至0％，几乎在所有情况下都小于10％。而且，这种重叠的减少仅在需要保护的区域总量上少量增加的情况下实现。随着人口稠密地区的继续快速扩张并提高土地价值，我们现在最好地进行分析中强调的战略保护投资。

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