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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >How risky is risk assessment: The role that life history strategies play in susceptibility of species to stress
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How risky is risk assessment: The role that life history strategies play in susceptibility of species to stress

机译：风险评估的风险如何：生命史策略在物种对压力的敏感性中的作用

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摘要

Measurements of toxicity based on individuals, such as the LC_(50) (concentration that kills 50% of a population), and effects on reproduction are used extensively in determining ecological risk, in particular, for endangered or threatened species. An underlying assumption is that individual-based toxicity metrics for one species can be directly compared with that for another species. However, this assumption overlooks the fact that different species have different life-history strategies and variables, such as lifespan, time to first reproduction, and number of offspring produced over a lifetime. Using a simple model and laboratory-derived parameter values, we tested the impact of differences in life-history traits on predicted responses to stress. The model predicts the delay in population growth. We compared seven invertebrate species by imposing 50% chronic mortality, 50% reduction of offspring, and both of these effects. The model predicted substantial differences in population delay among all of the species. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase of each population was negatively correlated with the delay in population growth; species with high intrinsic rates of increase were less susceptible to equal levels of stress than species with lower intrinsic rates of increase. These results suggest that the susceptibility of species to pollutants is more complicated than previously thought and that differences in life-history variables must be considered in analyses of population persistence for threatened and endangered species.
机译：基于个体的毒性测量，例如LC_（50）（杀死50％的人口的浓度）以及对繁殖的影响，被广泛用于确定生态风险，尤其是对濒危或受威胁物种的生态风险。一个基本的假设是，一个物种的基于个体的毒性指标可以直接与另一物种的基于个体的毒性指标进行比较。但是，该假设忽略了以下事实：不同物种具有不同的生命史策略和变量，例如寿命，首次繁殖的时间以及一生中产生的后代数量。使用简单的模型和实验室得出的参数值，我们测试了生活史特征差异对预期的压力反应的影响。该模型预测了人口增长的延迟。我们通过施加50％的慢性死亡率，减少50％的后代来比较这7种无脊椎动物，并同时考虑了这两种影响。该模型预测了所有物种之间种群延迟的显着差异。此外，每个人口的内在增长率与人口增长的延迟负相关。具有较高内在增长率的物种比具有较低内在增长率的物种更不容易受到相同水平的压力。这些结果表明，物种对污染物的敏感性比以前认为的要复杂得多，在分析受威胁和濒危物种的种群持久性时，必须考虑生活史变量的差异。

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