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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Prehistoric Inuit whalers affected Arctic freshwater ecosystems
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Prehistoric Inuit whalers affected Arctic freshwater ecosystems

机译：史前因纽特人捕鲸者影响了北极淡水生态系统

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摘要

It is commonly assumed that High Arctic lakes and ponds were not affected by direct local human activities before the arrival of Europeans, because most native peoples were primarily nomadic, maintained relatively low population densities, and practiced un-intrusive hunting and gathering technologies. Our archeological and paleolimnological data show that this was not always the case. Thule Inuit whalers, whose winter settlements consisted of houses constructed from the bones of bowhead whales on Somerset Island between about anno Domini 1200 and 1600, markedly changed pond water quality and ecology. The arrival of whalers 8 centuries ago caused marked changes in water chemistry and the expansion of moss substrates. Although whalers abandoned the area >4 centuries ago, the legacy of these human disturbances is still evident in the pond's present-day limnology and is characterized by elevated nutrient concentrations and atypical biota. This is the earliest reported paleolimnological record of changes in aquatic ecology associated with local human activities in Canada or the United States, or for any circumpolar ecosystem.
机译：通常认为，高北极地区的湖泊和池塘在欧洲人到来之前不受当地直接人类活动的影响，因为大多数土著人民主要是游牧民族，人口密度相对较低，并且实行非侵入式的狩猎和采集技术。我们的考古和古湖泊学数据表明，情况并非总是如此。拓乐因纽特人捕鲸者的冬季定居点是由萨默塞特岛上的弓头鲸的骨头建造的房屋，大约在anno Domini 1200和1600之间，显着改变了池塘的水质和生态。 8个世纪以前，捕鲸者的到来引起水化学的显着变化和苔藓基质的膨胀。尽管捕鲸人在四个多世纪前就抛弃了该地区，但这些人为干扰的遗留在当今的池塘中仍很明显，其特征在于养分浓度升高和非典型生物群。这是有关加拿大或美国或任何极地生态系统中与当地人类活动有关的水生生态学变化的最早的古湖泊学记录。

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