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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Constitutive and inducible trypsin proteinase inhibitor production incurs large fitness costs in Nicotiana attenuata
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Constitutive and inducible trypsin proteinase inhibitor production incurs large fitness costs in Nicotiana attenuata

机译：组成性和诱导性胰蛋白酶蛋白酶抑制剂的生产会导致烟草弱烟

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摘要

Plant trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs) are potent herbivore- and jasmonate (JA)-induced defenses, but support for the commonly invoked explanation for their inducible expression, namely their associated fitness costs, has been elusive. To determine whether the expression of TPIs incurs fitness costs, we expressed 175 bp of the seven-domain pi from Nicotiana attenuata in an antisense orientation in a TPI-producing genotype (WT) of N. attenuata to reduce TPI expression. Moreover, we expressed the full-length seven-domain pi in a sense orientation under control of a constitutive promoter to restore TPI activity in a natural genotype unable to produce TPIs because of a mutation in its endogenous pi gene. Lifetime reproductive output was determined from high and low TPI-producing plants of the same genetic background with and without JA elicitation and grown in the same pot to simulate natural competitive and nutrient regimes. Transformants with either low or no TPI activity grew faster and taller, flowered earlier, and produced more seed capsules (25-53%) than did neighboring TPI-producing genotypes, and JA elicitation increased TPI production and decreased seed capsule production further. Growth under high light levels only marginally reduced these fitness costs. Results were similar regardless of whether TPI activity was suppressed or restored by transformation: the larger the difference in TPI activity between neighbors, the larger the difference in seed capsule production (R~2 = 0.57). TPI production is costly for a plant's components of fitness when grown under realistic competitive regimes and is consistent with the hypothesis that inducibility evolved as a cost-saving mechanism.
机译：植物胰蛋白酶蛋白酶抑制剂（TPI）是有效的草食动物和茉莉酸（JA）诱导的防御，但是对于其诱导型表达的普遍支持的解释（即相关的适应性成本）的支持一直难以捉摸。为了确定TPI的表达是否招致健身费用，我们在N. plea的TPI产生基因型（WT）中以反义方向表达了175 bp的Nicotiana pleta的七个结构域pi，以减少TPI的表达。此外，我们在组成型启动子的控制下以有义方向表达全长七域pi，以恢复由于其内源pi基因突变而无法产生TPI的天然基因型的TPI活性。从具有和没有JA诱导的相同遗传背景的高和低TPI产生植物中确定终生繁殖产量，并在同一盆中生长以模拟自然竞争和营养体系。具有低TPI活性或没有TPI活性的转化子比相邻的产生TPI的基因型生长更快，更高，开花更早并且产生更多的种子荚膜（25-53％），JA诱使增加TPI产生并进一步降低种子荚膜产量。在高光照条件下的生长只会稍微降低这些适应性成本。无论是通过转化抑制还是恢复TPI活性，结果都是相似的：邻居之间TPI活性的差异越大，种子包膜产量的差异就越大（R〜2 = 0.57）。在现实的竞争机制下，TPI生产对于植物的适应性成分而言是昂贵的，并且与可诱导性演变为一种节省成本的机制的假设相一致。

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