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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Venomous protease of aphid soldier for colony defense.
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Venomous protease of aphid soldier for colony defense.

机译：蚜虫士兵的有毒蛋白酶用于菌落防御。

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摘要

In social aphids, morphological, behavioral, and physiological differences between soldiers and normal insects are attributed to differences in gene expression between them, because they are clonal offspring parthenogenetically produced by the same mothers. By using cDNA subtraction, we identified a soldier-specific cysteine protease of the family cathepsin B in a social aphid, Tuberaphis styraci, with a second-instar soldier caste. The cathepsin B gene was specifically expressed in soldiers and first-instar nymphs destined to be soldiers. The cathepsin B protein was preferentially produced in soldiers and showed a protease activity typical of cathepsin B. The cathepsin B mRNA and protein were localized in the midgut of soldiers. For colony defense, soldiers attack enemies with their stylet, which causes paralysis and death of the victims. Notably, after soldiers attacked moth larvae, the cathepsin B protein was detected from the paralyzed larvae. Injection of purified recombinant cathepsin B protein certainly killed the recipient moth larvae. From these results, we concluded that the cathepsin B protein is a major component of the aphid venom produced by soldiers of T. styraci. Soldier-specific expression of the cathepsin B gene was found in other social aphids of the genus Tuberaphis. The soldier-specific cathepsin B gene showed an accelerated molecular evolution probably caused by the action of positive selection, which had been also known from venomous proteins of other animals.
机译：在社交蚜虫中，士兵与正常昆虫之间的形态，行为和生理差异归因于它们之间的基因表达差异，因为它们是同一母亲单性遗传产生的克隆后代。通过使用cDNA减法，我们在第二龄的士兵种姓中鉴定出了社会蚜虫Tuberaphis styraci中组织蛋白酶B家族的一种士兵特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶。组织蛋白酶B基因在士兵和注定是士兵的第一龄若虫中特别表达。组织蛋白酶B蛋白优先在士兵中产生，并显示出典型的组织蛋白酶B的蛋白酶活性。组织蛋白酶B mRNA和蛋白位于士兵的中肠。为了保护殖民地，士兵们用探针来攻击敌人，这会使受害者瘫痪甚至死亡。值得注意的是，在士兵攻击蛾类幼虫后，从瘫痪的幼虫中检测到组织蛋白酶B蛋白。注射纯化的重组组织蛋白酶B蛋白肯定会杀死受体蛾幼虫。从这些结果，我们得出结论，组织蛋白酶B蛋白是由麦地那龙线虫士兵产生的蚜虫毒液的主要成分。组织蛋白酶B基因的士兵特异性表达被发现在结核菌的其他社会蚜虫中。士兵特有的组织蛋白酶B基因显示出可能由正选择作用引起的分子加速进化，这也已从其他动物的有毒蛋白质中得知。

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