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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Detecting inter-regionally diversifying natural selection on modern human cranial form by using matched molecular and morphometric data
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Detecting inter-regionally diversifying natural selection on modern human cranial form by using matched molecular and morphometric data

机译：通过使用匹配的分子和形态计量数据，检测现代人类颅骨形式的区域间多样化自然选择

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摘要

This comparison of morphological and neutral genetic variation in 10 human populations was designed to test a neutral hypothesis of cranial evolution in living and recent humans and to explain deviations from neutrality where detected. Overall, among-popu-lation differences in extant Homo sapiens cranial morphology are proportional to among-population differences in neutral molecular characteristics. For most of the populations studied, cranial morphology varies among regions in a manner consistent with neutral expectations. Removal of the effects of shared population history and structure by using the partial Mantel's test, however, does not remove the correlation between some aspects of cranial morphology and a measure of coldness of climate. The excess differentiation is most apparent in those population comparisons that involve a Siberian population living in an extremely cold environment. This finding suggests the action of natural selection, associated with regional variation in temperature, leading to among-population differentiation in excess of neutral expectations for some cranial dimensions. Those dimensions reflect the breadth of the skull, cranial vault size and shape, and aspects of nasal morphology. Although morphology for most of the world appears to vary among populations in accordance with neutral expectations in the context of population structure and history, morphology of the Siberian population appears to have undergone adaptation by natural selection.
机译：对10个人群的形态学和中性遗传变异进行比较，旨在测试在世和近代人的颅骨进化的中性假设，并解释在检测到的情况下偏离中性的情况。总体而言，现存智人颅骨形态的人群间差异与中性分子特征的人群间差异成正比。对于大多数研究人群，颅骨形态在各个地区之间的变化均符合中性预期。但是，通过使用部分Mantel检验消除共享的人口历史和结构的影响，并不能消除颅骨形态某些方面与气候寒冷程度之间的相关性。在那些涉及生活在极端寒冷环境中的西伯利亚人口的人口比较中，过度分化最为明显。这一发现表明，自然选择的作用与温度的区域变化有关，导致种群间分化超过某些颅骨尺寸的中性预期。这些尺寸反映出头骨的宽度，颅穹顶的大小和形状以及鼻腔形态。尽管在人口结构和历史的背景下，世界上大多数地区的形态似乎根据中立的期望而有所不同，但西伯利亚人口的形态似乎已经通过自然选择进行了适应。

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