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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Smallpox: An ancient disease enters the modern era of virogenomics
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Smallpox: An ancient disease enters the modern era of virogenomics

机译：天花：一种古老的疾病进入病毒基因组学的现代时代

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When the World Health Organization certified in 1980 that the world was finally free of smallpox as an extant human disease, few suspected that the viral agent that caused it (variola virus) would be a subject of intense debate a quarter of a century later (1). Today, with the threat of bioterrorism, variola virus is once again subject to investigative scrutiny, now with particular focus on antiviral drug discovery and the development of new generations of safer vaccines (2, 3). However, serious researchers have had to come to grips with the fact that almost all our knowledge of variola virus and of the pathogenesis of the disease it once so routinely caused in humans is derived from an era before many of the recent advances of molecular virology and immunology (4). For example, we still do not understand precisely the pathological dysfunction that smallpox patients actually died of, nor do we have exacting surrogate animal model systems with which to address such fundamental issues as the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis and the basis for the immune responses to either the disease or its vaccine. In this issue of PNAS appear two recent entries into this new arena (5, 6). Both papers provide provocative insights into these issues, as well as serious food for thought about the implications and complications of trying to exploit variola virus as a tool for medical research.
机译：当世界卫生组织（WHO）在1980年证明世界上最终没有天花是一种现存的人类疾病时，很少有人怀疑导致天花的病毒因子（天花病毒）将在25年后成为激烈辩论的主题（1 ）。如今，在面临生物恐怖主义威胁的情况下，天花病毒再次受到研究审查，现在特别侧重于抗病毒药物的发现和新一代安全疫苗的研发（2、3）。但是，严肃的研究人员不得不面对这样一个事实，即我们几乎对天花病毒及其曾经在人体内如此引起的疾病的发病机理的几乎所有知识，都源于分子病毒学和分子生物学的许多最新进展之前的时代。免疫学（4）。例如，我们仍然无法确切了解天花患者实际死亡的病理功能障碍，也没有精确的替代动物模型系统来解决诸如病毒发病机理和免疫应答的基础等基本问题。该疾病或其疫苗。在本期PNAS中，出现了两个最近进入该新领域的条目（5，6）。这两篇论文都对这些问题提供了具有启发性的见解，并为思考将天花病毒用作医学研究工具的影响和并发症提供了深思的内容。

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