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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Epistatic interaction between Arabidopsis FRI and FLC flowering time genes generates a latitudinal cline in a life history trait.
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Epistatic interaction between Arabidopsis FRI and FLC flowering time genes generates a latitudinal cline in a life history trait.

机译：拟南芥FRI和FLC开花时间基因之间的上位相互作用在生活史特征中产生了纬度谱系。

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摘要

Epistatic gene interactions are believed to be a major factor in the genetic architecture of evolutionary diversification. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the FRI and FLC genes mechanistically interact to control flowering time, and here we show that this epistatic interaction also contributes to a latitudinal cline in this life history trait within the species. Two major FLC haplogroups (FLC(A) and FLC(B)) are associated with flowering time variation in A. thaliana in field conditions, but only in the presence of putatively functional FRI alleles. Significant differences in latitudinal distribution of FLC haplogroups in Eurasia and North Africa also depend on the FRI genotype. There is significant linkage disequilibrium between FRI and FLC despite their location on separate chromosomes. Although no nonsynonymous polymorphisms differentiate FLC(A) and FLC(B), vernalization induces the expression of an alternatively spliced FLC transcript that encodes a variant protein with a radical amino acid replacement associated with the two FLC haplogroups. Numerous polymorphisms differentiating the FLC haplogroups also occur in intronic regions implicated in the regulation of FLC expression. The features of the regulatory gene interaction between FRI and FLC in contributing to the latitudinal cline in A. thaliana flowering time are consistent with the maintenance of this interaction by epistatic selection. These results suggest that developmental genetic pathways and networks provide the molecular basis for epistasis, contributing to ecologically important phenotypic variation in natural populations and to the process of evolutionary diversification.
机译：上位基因相互作用被认为是进化多样化遗传结构中的主要因素。在拟南芥中，FRI和FLC基因以机械方式相互作用以控制开花时间，并且在这里我们表明，这种上位性相互作用也有助于该物种内该生命史特征的纬度。两个主要的FLC单倍群（FLC（A）和FLC（B））与田间条件下拟南芥的开花时间变化有关，但仅在假定功能性FRI等位基因存在的情况下。欧亚大陆和北非的FLC单倍体在纬度分布上的显着差异还取决于FRI基因型。尽管FRI和FLC位于不同的染色体上，但它们之间仍存在显着的连锁不平衡。尽管没有非同义多态性可以区分FLC（A）和FLC（B），但春化诱导了另一种剪接的FLC转录本的表达，该转录本编码具有与两个FLC单倍型相关的自由基氨基酸替代的变异蛋白。区分FLC单倍型的许多多态性也发生在涉及FLC表达调节的内含子区域中。 FRI和FLC之间的调控基因相互作用有助于拟南芥开花时间中的纬度上升的特征与通过上位性选择维持这种相互作用相一致。这些结果表明，发育的遗传途径和网络为上位性提供了分子基础，有助于自然种群中具有重要生态意义的表型变异和进化多样化的过程。

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