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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Age-related reduction in microcolumnar structure in area 46 of the rhesus monkey correlates with behavioral decline.
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Age-related reduction in microcolumnar structure in area 46 of the rhesus monkey correlates with behavioral decline.

机译：与年龄相关的恒河猴46区微柱状结构的减少与行为下降有关。

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Many age-related declines in cognitive function are attributed to the prefrontal cortex, area 46 being especially critical. Yet in normal aging, studies indicate that neurons are not lost in area 46, suggesting that impairments result from more subtle processes. One cortical feature that is functionally important, but that has not been examined in normal aging because of a lack of efficient quantitative methods, is the vertical arrangement of neurons into microcolumns, a fundamental computational unit of the cortex. By using a density-map method derived from condensed-matter physics, we quantified microcolumns in area 46 of seven young and seven aged rhesus monkeys that had been cognitively tested. This analysis demonstrated that there is no age-related reduction in total neuronal density or in microcolumn width, length, or periodicity. There was, however, a statistically significant decrease in the strength of microcolumns, indicating microcolumnar disorganization. This reduction in strength was significantly correlated with age-related cognitive decline on tests of spatial working memory and recognition memory independent of the effect of age. Modeling demonstrated that random neuron displacements of approximately 30% of a neuronal diameter (<3 mum) produced the observed reduction in strength. Hence, it is possible that, with changes in dendrites and myelinated axons, subtle displacements of neurons occur that alter microcolumnar structure and correlate with age-induced dysfunction. Therefore, quantitative measurement of microcolumnar structure may provide a sensitive morphological method to assay microcolumnar function in aging and other conditions.
机译：认知功能的许多与年龄相关的下降归因于前额叶皮层，区域46尤其重要。然而，在正常衰老中，研究表明神经元在区域46中并未丢失，这表明损伤是由更细微的过程导致的。在功能上很重要但由于缺乏有效的定量方法而未在正常衰老中进行检查的皮质功能是将神经元垂直排列成微列，这是皮质的基本计算单位。通过使用来自凝聚态物理的密度图方法，我们量化了经过认知测试的七只幼小和七只恒河猴的46区的微柱。该分析表明，总神经元密度或微柱宽度，长度或周期性没有年龄相关的降低。但是，微柱的强度在统计学上有显着下降，表明微柱的组织混乱。强度的降低与空间工作记忆和识别记忆测试中与年龄相关的认知下降显着相关，而与年龄的影响无关。建模表明，随机神经元位移约为神经元直径（<3毫米）的30％，导致观察到的强度降低。因此，有可能随着树突和髓鞘轴突的变化，发生神经元的细微移位，从而改变微柱状结构并与年龄引起的功能障碍相关。因此，对微柱状结构的定量测量可以提供一种灵敏的形态学方法来测定衰老和其他条件下的微柱状功能。

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