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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A multiple-levels-of-analysis approach to the study of developmental processes in maltreated children
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A multiple-levels-of-analysis approach to the study of developmental processes in maltreated children

机译：虐待儿童发育过程研究的多层次分析方法

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摘要

Before the early 1970s, scientific investigations of children from high-risk environments, as well as those with mental disorders, portrayed the developmental course of such individuals as deterministic, inevitably eventuating in maladaptive and psycho-pathological outcomes (1). As researchers discovered that not all high-risk children evinced the dire consequences that the existing theories of psychopathology predicted, comprehending the processes through which children at risk did not develop psychopathology became viewed as important for informing theoretical viewpoints on the development of maladapta-tion and pathology (2). Indeed, over the past several decades advances have occurred in understanding the complexity of causality, the interaction of risk and protective factors, the heterogeneity of disorders, and the importance of biological and psychological developmental processes and mechanisms (3, 4). The work of Kaufman et al. (5) in a recent issue of PNAS illustrates that individual risk factors alone seldom are powerful predictors of later psychopathological outcomes (6, 7). Much more often, adequate prediction of either disturbance or resilience requires considering multiple risks and protective factors and their interplay.
机译：在1970年代初之前，对来自高风险环境中的儿童以及患有精神疾病的儿童的科学研究表明，这类人的发展过程是确定性的，不可避免地会导致适应不良和心理病理结果（1）。研究人员发现，并非所有高危儿童都表现出现有心理病理学理论所预测的可怕后果，因此理解处于危险中的儿童未发展心理病理学的过程对于将有关不良适应症发展的理论观点提供了重要的信息。病理学（2）。确实，在过去的几十年中，在理解因果关系的复杂性，风险与保护因素的相互作用，疾病的异质性以及生物学和心理发展过程和机制的重要性方面取得了进步（3、4）。考夫曼等人的工作。 （5）在PNAS的最新一期中说明，单独的危险因素很少是以后心理病理结果的有力预测因素（6，7）。通常，对干扰或弹性的充分预测需要考虑多种风险和保护因素及其相互影响。

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