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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Human specific loss of olfactory receptor genes.
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Human specific loss of olfactory receptor genes.

机译：人类嗅觉受体基因的特异性丧失。

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摘要

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the basis for the sense of smell and are encoded by the largest mammalian gene superfamily of >1,000 genes. In humans, >60% of these are pseudogenes. In contrast, the mouse OR repertoire, although of roughly equal size, contains only approximately 20% pseudogenes. We asked whether the high fraction of nonfunctional OR genes is specific to humans or is a common feature of all primates. To this end, we have compared the sequences of 50 human OR coding regions, regardless of their functional annotations, to those of their putative orthologs in chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and rhesus macaques. We found that humans have accumulated mutations that disrupt OR coding regions roughly 4-fold faster than any other species sampled. As a consequence, the fraction of OR pseudogenes in humans is almost twice as high as in the non-human primates, suggesting a human-specific process of OR gene disruption, likely due to a reduced chemosensory dependence relative to apes.
机译：嗅觉受体（OR）基因构成嗅觉的基础，并由> 1,000个基因的最大哺乳动物基因超家族编码。在人类中，其中60％以上是假基因。相比之下，小鼠OR谱库虽然大小大致相等，但仅包含约20％的假基因。我们问高比例的非功能性OR基因是人类特有的还是所有灵长类动物的共同特征。为此，我们将50个人类OR编码区的序列（无论其功能注释如何）与黑猩猩，大猩猩，猩猩和猕猴的假定直系同源序列进行了比较。我们发现，人类积累的突变破坏OR编码区的速度比任何其他物种快4倍。结果，人类中OR假基因的比例几乎是非人类灵长类动物的两倍，这表明人类特定的OR基因破坏过程可能是由于相对于猿类减少的化学感觉依赖性。

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