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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Speech-sound-selective auditory impairment in children with autism: They can perceive but do not attend.
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Speech-sound-selective auditory impairment in children with autism: They can perceive but do not attend.

机译：自闭症儿童的语音选择性听觉障碍：他们可以感知但不参加。

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In autism, severe abnormalities in social behavior coexist with aberrant attention and deficient language. In the attentional domain, attention to people and socially relevant stimuli is impaired the most. Because socially meaningful stimulus events are physically complex, a deficiency in sensory processing of complex stimuli has been suggested to contribute to aberrant attention and language in autism. This study used event-related brain potentials (ERP) to examine the sensory and early attentional processing of sounds of different complexity in high-functioning children with autism. Acoustically matched simple tones, complex tones, and vowels were presented in separate oddball sequences, in which a repetitive "standard" sound was occasionally replaced by an infrequent "deviant" sound differing from the standard in frequency (by 10%). In addition to sensory responses, deviant sounds elicited an ERP index of automatic sound-change discrimination, the mismatch negativity, and an ERP index of attentionalorienting, the P3a. The sensory sound processing was intact in the high-functioning children with autism and was not affected by sound complexity or "speechness." In contrast, their involuntary orienting was affected by stimulus nature. It was normal to both simple- and complex-tone changes but was entirely abolished by vowel changes. These results demonstrate that, first, auditory orienting deficits in autism cannot be explained by sensory deficits and, second, that orienting deficit in autism might be speech-sound specific.
机译：在自闭症中，社交行为的严重异常与注意力异常集中和语言不足并存。在注意力领域，对人和与社会相关的刺激的注意力受损最大。由于对社会有意义的刺激事件在生理上是复杂的，因此，复杂刺激的感觉处理不足已被认为会导致自闭症的异常注意力和语言。这项研究使用事件相关的脑电势（ERP）来检查功能强大的自闭症儿童的声音的感觉和早期注意过程。声学匹配的简单音调，复杂音调和元音以单独的奇数球序列呈现，其中，重复的“标准”声音偶尔会被频率与标准频率不同（不超过10％）的不常见的“异常”声音代替。除了感觉反应外，异常声音还引起自动变声识别的ERP指数，失配负性和注意力定向的ERP指数P3a。高功能自闭症儿童的感觉声音处理完好无损，不受声音复杂性或“言语”的影响。相反，他们的非自愿取向受到刺激性质的影响。这对单音和复音变化都是正常的，但元音变化则完全废除了。这些结果表明，首先，自闭症的听觉定向缺陷不能用感觉缺陷来解释；其次，自闭症的定向缺陷可能是特定于语音的。

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