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Genera of the human lineage

机译：人类血统的属

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Human fossils dated between 3.5 and nearly 7 million years old discovered during the last 8 years have been assigned to as many as four new genera of the family Hominidae: Ardipithecus, Orrorin, Kenyanthropus, and Sahelanthropus. These specimens are described as having morphological traits that justify placing them in the family Hominidae while creating a new genus for the classification of each. The discovery of these fossils pushed backward by >2 million years the date of the oldest hominids known. Only two or three hominid genera, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo, had been previously accepted, with Paranthropus considered a subgenus of Australopithecus by some authors. Two questions arise from the classification of the newly discovered fossils: (i) Should each one of these specimens be placed in the family Hominidae? (ii) Are these specimens sufficiently distinct to justify the creation of four new genera? The answers depend, in turn, on the concepts of what is a hominid and how the genus category is defined. These specimens seem to possess a sufficient number of morphological traits to be placed in the Hominidae. However, the nature of the morphological evidence and the adaptation-rooted concept of what a genus is do not justify the establishment of four new genera. We propose a classification that includes four well defined genera: Praeanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and Homo, plus one tentative incertae sedis genus: Sahelanthropus. [References: 51]
机译：在过去8年中发现的3.5至700万年前的人类化石已被分配给人类科的四个新属：Ardipithecus，Orrorin，Kenyanthropus和Sahelanthropus。这些标本被描述为具有形态特征，可以将它们放置在人类科中，同时又为每个标本的分类创造了一个新属。这些化石的发现将已知最古老的原始人推倒了200万年。以前只接受过两到三个原始人种，古猿属，旁生动物和人，有些作者认为旁生动物属于古猿属。新发现的化石的分类产生两个问题：（i）是否应将这些标本中的每一个放入人类科？ （ii）这些标本是否足够独特以证明四个新属的建立？答案反过来取决于什么是人的概念以及属类的定义方式。这些标本似乎具有足够的形态特征，可以放入人科。然而，形态学证据的本质和属属的适应根源概念并不能证明建立四个新属。我们提出了一个分类，其中包括四个明确定义的属：Praeanthropus，Ardipithecus，Australopithecus和Homo，以及一个暂定的不合格属：Sahelanthropus。 [参考：51]

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