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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Positive selection on protein-length in the evolution of a primate sperm ion channel.
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Positive selection on protein-length in the evolution of a primate sperm ion channel.

机译：灵长类精子离子通道进化过程中对蛋白质长度的正选择。

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摘要

Positive Darwinian selection on advantageous point substitutions has been demonstrated in many genes. We here provide empirical evidence, for the first time, that positive selection can also act on insertion/deletion (indel) substitutions in the evolution of a protein. CATSPER1 is a voltage-gated calcium channel found exclusively in the plasma membrane of the mammalian sperm tail and it is essential for sperm motility. We determined the DNA sequences of the first exon of the CATSPER1 gene from 15 primates, which encodes the intracellular N terminus region of approximately 400 aa. These sequences exhibit an excessively high frequency of indels. However, all indels have lengths that are multiples of 3 nt (3n indels) and do not disrupt the ORF. The number of indel substitutions per site per year in CATSPER1 is five to eight times the corresponding rates calculated from two large-scale primate genomic comparisons, which represent the neutral rate of indel substitutions. Moreover, CATSPER1 indels are considerably longer than neutral indels. These observations strongly suggest that positive selection has been promoting the fixation of indel mutations in CATSPER1 exon 1. It has been shown in certain ion channels that the length of the N terminus region affects the rate of channel inactivation. This finding suggests that the selection detected may be related to the regulation of the CATSPER1 channel, which can affect sperm motility, an important determinant in sperm competition.
机译：在许多基因中已经证明了对有利点替代的积极达尔文选择。我们在这里首次提供经验证据，即阳性选择也可以作用于蛋白质进化中的插入/缺失（插入/缺失）取代。 CATSPER1是一个电压门控性钙通道，仅在哺乳动物精子尾巴的质膜中发现，对精子运动至关重要。我们从15个灵长类动物中确定了CATSPER1基因第一个外显子的DNA序列，其编码大约400个氨基酸的细胞内N端区域。这些序列表现出过高的插入缺失频率。但是，所有插入缺失的长度都是3 nt（3n个插入缺失）的倍数，并且不会破坏ORF。 CATSPER1中每个站点每年的插入缺失替换数量是从两次大规模灵长类动物基因组比较计算得出的相应比率的五到八倍，这代表插入缺失的中性率。此外，CATSPER1插入缺失比中性插入缺失长得多。这些观察结果强烈表明，积极的选择一直在促进CATSPER1外显子1中indel突变的固定。在某些离子通道中，N末端区域的长度会影响通道失活的速率。这一发现表明，检测到的选择可能与CATSPER1通道的调节有关，它可能影响精子活力，这是精子竞争的重要决定因素。

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