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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Proteorhodopsin genes are distributed among divergent marine bacterial taxa
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Proteorhodopsin genes are distributed among divergent marine bacterial taxa

机译：蛋白视紫红质基因分布在不同的海洋细菌类群中

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摘要

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a retinal-binding bacterial integral membrane protein that functions as a light-driven proton pump. The gene encoding this photoprotein was originally discovered on a large genome fragment derived from an uncultured marine γ-proteobac-terium of the SAR86 group. Subsequently, many variants of the PR gene have been detected in marine plankton, via PCR-based gene surveys. It has not been clear, however, whether these different PR genes are widely distributed among different bacterial groups, or whether they have a restricted taxonomic distribution. We report here comparative analyses of PR-bearing genomic fragments recovered directly from planktonic bacteria inhabiting the California coast, the central Pacific Ocean, and waters offshore the Antarctica Peninsula. Sequence analysis of an Antarctic genome fragment harboring PR (ANT32C12) revealed moderate conservation in gene order and identity, compared with a previously reported PR-containing genome fragment from a Monterey Bay γ-proteobacterium (EBAC31A08). Outside the limited region of synteny shared between these clones, however, no significant DNA or protein identity was evident. Analysis of a third PR-containing genome fragment (HOT2C01) from the North Pacific subtropical gyre showed even more divergence from the γ-proteobacterial PR-flanking region. Subsequent phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that the Central North Pacific PR-containing genome fragment (HOT2C01) originated from a plank-tonic α-proteobacterium. These data indicate that PR genes are distributed among a variety of divergent marine bacterial taxa, including both α- and γ-proteobacteria. Our analyses also demonstrate the utility of cultivation-independent comparative genomic approaches for assessing gene content and distribution in naturally occurring microbes.
机译：蛋白视紫红质（PR）是一种视网膜结合细菌完整膜​​蛋白，起光驱动质子泵的作用。编码这种光蛋白的基因最初是在一个大型基因组片段上发现的，该片段源自SAR86组未培养的海洋γ-蛋白细菌。随后，通过基于PCR的基因调查，在海洋浮游生物中发现了PR基因的许多变异。但是，尚不清楚这些不同的PR基因是否在不同的细菌群体中广泛分布，或者它们的分类学分布是否受限。我们在这里报告从居住在加利福尼亚海岸，中太平洋和南极半岛近海的浮游细菌直接回收的含PR基因组片段的比较分析。与先前报道的来自蒙特雷湾γ-变形杆菌（EBAC31A08）的含PR的基因组片段相比，对包含PR的南极基因组片段（ANT32C12）进行的序列分析显示，其基因顺序和身份具有中等程度的保守性。但是，在这些克隆之间共享的有限有限区域之外，没有明显的DNA或蛋白质同一性。对北太平洋亚热带回旋的第三个含PR的基因组片段（HOT2C01）的分析显示，与γ-变形细菌PR侧翼区域的差异更大。随后的系统发育和比较基因组分析表明，包含北太平洋中部PR的基因组片段（HOT2C01）起源于浮游生物的α-变形杆菌。这些数据表明PR基因分布在各种不同的海洋细菌类群中，包括α-和γ-变形杆菌。我们的分析还证明了独立于培养的比较基因组方法可用于评估天然存在的微生物中的基因含量和分布。

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