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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Regulation of starch accumulation by granule- associated plant 14-3-3 proteins
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Regulation of starch accumulation by granule- associated plant 14-3-3 proteins

机译：颗粒相关植物14-3-3蛋白对淀粉积累的调节

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摘要

In higher plants the production of starch is orchestrated by chloro- plast-localized biosynthetic enzymes, namely starch synthases. ADP- glucose pyrophosphorylase. and starch branching and debranching enzymes. Diurnal regulation of these enzymes. as well as Starch- degrading enzymes. influences both the levels and composition of starch, and is dependent in some instances upon phosphorylation- linked regulation. The phosphoserine/threonine-binding 14-3-3 pro- teins participate in environmentally responsive phosphorylation-re- lated regulatory functions in plants. and as such are potentially involved in starch regulation. We report here that reduction of the ε Subgroup of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 proteins by antisense technology resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase in leaf Starch accumulation. Dark- governed Starch breakdown was unaffected in these "antisense plants," indicating an unaltered starch-degradation pathway and Suggesting a role for 143-3 proteins in regulation of starch synthesis. Absorption spectra and gelatinization properties indicate that the starch from the antisense plants has an altered branched glucan composition. Biochemical characterization of protease-treated starch granules from both Arabidopsis leaves and maize endosperm showed that 14-3-3 proteins are internal intrinsic granule proteins. These data suggest a direct role for 14-3-3 proteins in starch accumulation. The starch synthase Ⅲ family is a possible target for 14-3-3 protein regulation because, uniquely among plastid-localized Starch meta- bolic enzymes. all members of the family contain the conserved 14-3-3 protein phosphoserine/threonine-binding consensus motif. This pos- sibility is strengthened by immunocapture using antibodies to DU1, a maize starch synthase Ⅲ family member, and direct interaction with biotinylated 14-3-3 protein, both of which demonstrated an associa- tion between 14-3-3 proteins and DU1 or DU1-like proteins.
机译：在高等植物中，淀粉的产生是通过叶绿体定位的生物合成酶（即淀粉合酶）来进行的。 ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶。和淀粉分支和脱支酶。这些酶的昼夜调节。以及降解淀粉的酶。影响淀粉的含量和组成，并且在某些情况下取决于磷酸化相关的调节。磷酸丝氨酸/苏氨酸结合蛋白14-3-3参与植物中与环境响应的磷酸化相关的调节功能。因此可能涉及淀粉调节。我们在这里报告，通过反义技术减少拟南芥14-3-3蛋白质的ε亚组导致叶片淀粉积累增加2至4倍。在这些“反义植物”中，黑暗控制的淀粉分解不受影响，表明淀粉降解途径未改变，并暗示了143-3蛋白在调节淀粉合成中的作用。吸收光谱和糊化特性表明来自反义植物的淀粉具有改变的支链葡聚糖组成。来自拟南芥叶和玉米胚乳的蛋白酶处理的淀粉颗粒的生化特性表明，14-3-3蛋白是内部固有的颗粒蛋白。这些数据表明14-3-3蛋白在淀粉积累中具有直接作用。淀粉合酶Ⅲ家族可能是14-3-3蛋白调控的靶标，因为在质体定位的淀粉代谢酶中是唯一的。该家族的所有成员均含有保守的14-3-3蛋白磷酸丝氨酸/苏氨酸结合共有基序。通过使用玉米淀粉合酶Ⅲ家族成员DU1的抗体进行的免疫捕获以及与生物素化的14-3-3蛋白的直接相互作用增强了这种可能性，这两者都证明了14-3-3蛋白与DU1之间的关联。或类似DU1的蛋白。

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