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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Parthenocarpic apple fruit production conferred by transposon insertion mutations in a MADS-box transcription factor
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Parthenocarpic apple fruit production conferred by transposon insertion mutations in a MADS-box transcription factor

机译：MADS-box转录因子中转座子插入突变赋予单性结实的苹果果实生产

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摘要

Fruit development in higher plants normally requires pollination and fertilization to stimulate cell division of specific floral tissues. In some cases, parthenocarpic fruit development proceeds without either pollination or fertilization. Parthenocarpic fruit without seed has higher commercial value than seeded fruit. Several apple (Malus domes ha) mutants (Rae Ime. Spencer Seedless and Well- ington Bloomless) are known to produce only apetalous flowers that readily go on to develop into parthenocarpic fruit. Through genetics, a single recessive gene has been identified to control. this trait in apple. Flower phenotypes of these apple mutants are strikingly similar to those of the Arabidopsis mutant pistillata (P_i), which produces flowers where petals are transformed to sepals and stamens to carpels. In this study, we have cloned the apple PI homolog (MdPI) that shows 64/100 amino acid sequence identity and closely conserved intron positions and mRNA expression patterns to the Arabidopsis PI. We have identified that in the apetalous mutants MdP has been mutated by a retrotransposon insertion in intron 4 in the case of Rae Ime and in intron 6 in the case of Spencer Seedless and Wellington Bloomless. The insertion apparently abol- ishes the normal expression of the MdP gene. We conclude that the loss of function mutation in the MdPI MADS-box transcription factor confers parthenocarpic fruit development in these apple varieties and demonstrates another function for the MADS- box gene family. The knowledge generated here could be used to produce parthenocarpic fruit cultivars through genetic engineering.
机译：高等植物的果实发育通常需要授粉和施肥才能刺激特定花卉组织的细胞分裂。在某些情况下，单性结实果实的发育无需授粉或施肥。没有种子的单性结实果实具有比种子果实更高的商业价值。已知几种苹果（Malus domes ha）突变体（Rae Ime。Spencer Seedless和Wellington Bloomless）仅产生无花瓣的花，这些花容易长成单性结实的果实。通过遗传学，已经确定了一个隐性基因可以控制。苹果的这个特性。这些苹果突变体的花表型与拟南芥突变体pistillata（P_i）的表型极为相似，后者产生的花朵将花瓣转化为萼片，将雄蕊转化为心皮。在这项研究中，我们已经克隆了苹果PI同源物（MdPI），该同源物显示了64/100个氨基酸序列的同一性，并且与拟南芥PI的内含子位置和mRNA表达模式密切相关。我们已经确定，在无性系突变体中，MedP在Rae Ime的情况下被内含子4的反转录转座子突变，在Spencer Seedless和Wellington Bloomless的情况下被内含子6的突变。插入显然消除了MdP基因的正常表达。我们得出的结论是，MdPI MADS-box转录因子中功能缺失的突变使这些苹果品种中的单性结实果实发育并证明了MADS-box基因家族的另一功能。这里产生的知识可用于通过基因工程生产单性结实的水果品种。

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