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Ancient Maya documents concerning the movements of Mars

机译：古代玛雅人关于火星运动的文献

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A Iarge part of the pre-Columbian Maya book known as the Dresden Codex is concerned with an exploration of commensurate relationships among celestial cycles and their relationship to other. nonastronomical cycles of cultural interest. As has long been known, pages 43b-45b of the Codex are concerned with the synodic cycle of Mars. New work reported here with another part of the Codex, a complex table on pages 69-74, reveals a concern on the part of the ancient Maya astronomers with the sidereal motion of Mars as well as with its synodic cycle. Two kinds of empiric sidereal intervals of Mars were used, a long one (702 days) that included a retrograde loop and a short one that did not. The use of these intervals, which is indicated by the documents in the Dresden Codex, permitted the tracking of Mars across the zodiac and the relating of its movements to the terrestrial seasons and to the 260-day sacred calendar. While Kepler solved the sidereal problem of Mars by proposing an elliptical heliocentric orbit. anonymous but equally ingenious Maya astronomers discovered a pair of time cycles that not only accurately described the planet’s motion. but also related it to other cosmic and terrestrial concerns.
机译：哥伦布时期玛雅人之前的一本名为《德累斯顿食品法典》（Dresden Codex）的书中有很大一部分涉及对天体周期之间相互关系及其与其他天体之间关系的探索。非天文文化兴趣循环。众所周知，食典的第43b-45b页涉及火星的成因周期。此处与法典的另一部分（第69-74页的复杂表格）一起报告的新工作揭示了古代玛雅天文学家对火星的恒星运动及其成因周期的关注。火星使用了两种经验性的恒星间隔，一个长的（702天）包括逆行循环，另一个短的不包括逆行循环。这些间隔的使用（在德累斯顿食品法典中的文件中有说明）允许跟踪火星在黄道十二宫，并将其运动与地球季节和260天神圣历法联系起来。开普勒通过提出椭圆形的日心轨道解决了火星的恒星问题。匿名但同样精巧的玛雅天文学家发现了两个时间周期，它们不仅准确地描述了行星的运动。但也将其与其他宇宙和陆地关注相关联。

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