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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Riding the ice age El Niho? Pacific biogeography and evolution of Metfosideros subq. Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA
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Riding the ice age El Niho? Pacific biogeography and evolution of Metfosideros subq. Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA

机译：骑着冰河时代的厄尔尼诺现象Metfosideros subq。的太平洋生物地理学和演化。从核糖核糖体DNA推断出Metrosideros（桃金娘科）

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摘要

Metrosideros subg. Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) comprises rs26 species distributed widely across the Pacific basin. They occur on the ancient Gondwanan landmasses of New Zealand and New Caledonia, as well as on the volcanic islands of the remote Pacific. from Melanesia to tropical Polynesia and the Bonin Island. Phylogenetic anaIysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer sequences from all named species showed Metrosideros umbellata of New Zealand as basal in the subgenus. with the remaining species falling into three monophyletic clades. One includes the seven New Caledonian species together with three daughters in western Oceania that probably dispersed during the mid/late Tertiary. A second contains six taxa located in east Melanesia and Samoa that may also have arisen from a mid/late Tertiary dispersal, in this instance from New Zealand. The third includes three New Zealand endemics along with all of the taxa in remote Polynesia and accounts for much of the total range of the subgenus. These dispersed taxa in Polynesia either are identical to the New Zealand species Metrosideros excelsa or differ by a single nucleotide change. We suggest that they are all derived from a Pleistocene dispersal out of New Zealand. A relatively recent dispersal is surprising, given that this wind- dispersed genus has occupied New Zealand for much of the Tertiary and that some of the islands in remote Polynesia date to at least the Miocene. We attribute this dramatic range expansion to climate change--specifically changes in wind flow patterns--in the southern hemisphere during worldwide glaciation.
机译：Metrosideros subg。 Metrosideros（桃金娘科）由rs26物种组成，广泛分布于整个太平洋盆地。它们发生在新西兰和新喀里多尼亚的古老冈瓦纳大陆上，以及在偏远的太平洋的火山岛上。从美拉尼西亚到热带波利尼西亚和波宁岛。基于所有命名物种核核糖体DNA间隔区序列的系统发育分析表明，新西兰的伞形大伞藻（Metrosideros umbellata）是该亚属的基础。其余物种分为三个单系进化枝。其中一个包括七个新喀里多尼亚物种，以及三个大洋洲西部的女儿，这些女儿可能在第三纪的中晚期分布。第二个包含位于美拉尼西亚东部和萨摩亚东部的六个分类单元，这也可能是由于第三纪中期/晚期扩散所致，在这种情况下来自新西兰。第三类包括三个新西兰特有种以及偏远的波利尼西亚的所有分类单元，占该亚属总范围的大部分。这些分布在波利尼西亚的分类单元与新西兰物种Metrosideros excelsa相同，或仅因单个核苷酸变化而不同。我们建议它们都来自新西兰的更新世传播。相对较新的散布是令人惊讶的，因为这种风散布属已经在新西兰大部分地区占据了第三纪，而且偏远的波利尼西亚的一些岛屿至少可以追溯到中新世。我们将这种范围的急剧扩大归因于全球冰河期间南半球的气候变化-特别是风流模式的变化。

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