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High-Sensitivity Phased Array Receivers for Radio Astronomy

机译:用于射电天文的高灵敏度相控阵接收机

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摘要

Phased arrays have a long history in radio astronomy. Large, sparse synthesis arrays have been in use for decades to capture high-resolution images of deep space objects. More recent work has extended the range of applications to other types of arrays, including aperture arrays (AAs) and phased array feeds (PAFs) for multibeam reflector antennas. The extreme sensitivity required for astronomical instrumentation is driving advances in numerical electromagnetic modeling, design optimization of large arrays, low noise amplifiers, minimization of receiver noise, cryogenic PAFs, array calibration, optimal beamforming, interferometric imaging, and array signal processing algorithms for radio-frequency interference mitigation. We give an overview of research progress, current and planned array-based instruments, and open challenges in these areas related to the new generation of sparse arrays, PAFs, and AAs that are in development for astronomical observatories around the world.
机译:相控阵在射电天文学中历史悠久。大型稀疏合成阵列已经使用了数十年,以捕获深空物体的高分辨率图像。最近的工作将应用范围扩展到其他类型的阵列,包括用于多波束反射器天线的孔径阵列(AA)和相控阵馈源(PAF)。天文仪器所需的极高灵敏度正在推动数字电磁建模,大型阵列的设计优化,低噪声放大器,最小化接收器噪声,低温PAF,阵列校准,最佳波束成形,干涉成像以及用于无线电的阵列信号处理算法方面的进步。降低频率干扰。我们概述了研究进展,当前和计划中的基于阵列的仪器,以及与世界各地天文台正在开发的新一代稀疏阵列,PAF和AA相关的这些领域中的开放挑战。

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