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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the IEEE >Remote Sensing of Ocean Oil-Spill Pollution
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Remote Sensing of Ocean Oil-Spill Pollution

机译：遥感海洋溢油污染

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Oil spills on the sea surface are observed relatively often. Pollution due to either accidents or deliberate oily discharges from ships represents a serious threat to the marine environment. Operational oil spill monitoring is currently done using a combination of satellite monitoring and aircraft surveillance. The combined use of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and aircraft surveillance flights is a cost-effective way to monitor oil spills in large ocean areas and catch the polluters. SAR images enable covering large areas, but aircraft observations are needed to prosecute the polluter, and in certain cases to verity the oil spill. Traditionally, oil spill detection is based on single polarization SAR images. Oil spills can be discriminated from look-alikes based on a set of features describing the contrast, shape, homogeneity, source, and surroundings of the slick. Good performance is reported for single-polarization oil spill detection, but in certain cases the oil slicks cannot be discriminated from biogenic films. In the recent years, a number of studies have shown that polarimetric SAR can improve the discrimination between oil slicks and biogenic films. Several features computed from dual-pol or quad-pol images have been proposed. These include both quad-pol features like polarimetric entropy and anisotropy, mean scattering angle, polarimetric span, conformity coefficient, as well as the dual-pol features standard deviation of the copolarized phase difference and the copolarized correlation coefficient. As dual-pol SAR imagery is now available on a regular basis from Cosmo Skymed and TerraSAR-X, and quad-pol data are available from RADARSAT-2, polarimetric SAR can now be utilized on a more regular basis. Optical data from sensors like Aqua MODIS and ENVISAT MERIS can be a useful supplement under certain cloud-free conditions.
机译：相对经常观察到海面溢油。由于事故或故意从船上排放油而造成的污染严重威胁着海洋环境。目前，使用卫星监控和飞机监控相结合的方式来进行漏油作业监控。结合使用基于卫星的合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像和飞机监视飞行是一种经济有效的方法，可用于监视大洋区域的石油泄漏并捕获污染者。 SAR图像可以覆盖大面积区域，但是需要对飞机进行观察以起诉污染者，并在某些情况下检查漏油情况。传统上，溢油检测基于单极化SAR图像。可以基于描述浮油的对比度，形状，均质性，来源和周围环境的一组特征，将溢油与外观相区分。据报道，单极化漏油检测性能良好，但在某些情况下，浮油无法与生物膜区别开来。近年来，许多研究表明，极化SAR可以改善浮油和生物膜之间的区别。已经提出了从双极化或四极化图像计算的几个特征。这些包括极化特性和各向异性之类的四极化特性，平均散射角，极化跨度，一致性系数，以及同极化相位差和同极化相关系数的标准偏差的双重极化特性。由于Cosmo Skymed和TerraSAR-X现在可以定期提供双极化SAR图像，而RADARSAT-2可以提供四极化的SAR数据，因此现在可以更常规地使用极化SAR。在某些无云条件下，来自Aqua MODIS和ENVISAT MERIS等传感器的光学数据可能是有用的补充。

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