Getting small: a short history of the personal computer

Abbate J.

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Getting small: a short history of the personal computer

机译：变小：个人计算机的简短历史

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Traces the development of the personal computer (PC). The article first considers the technological underpinnings; how integrated circuits and microprocessors replaced vacuum tubes etc. The computer had been developed mainly by and for large organisations, but it was the amateurs that caused the emergence of the PC, beginning with the Altair 8800, which the user assembled himself. The interface consisted of switches and flashing lights. The hardware and interfaces then developed and new manufacturers entered the market. Finally, the emergence of graphical user interfaces and user-friendly applications software made the PC of interest to users without the skill or inclination to be programmers.

机译：跟踪个人计算机（PC）的发展。本文首先考虑了技术基础。该计算机主要是为大型组织开发的，并且是为大型组织开发的，但是由业余爱好者引起的PC出现，首先是用户自己组装的Altair 8800。该界面由开关和指示灯组成。然后开发了硬件和接口，新的制造商进入了市场。最后，图形用户界面和用户友好型应用软件的出现使用户对PC感兴趣，而没有成为程序员的技能或意愿。

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《Proceedings of the IEEE》 |1999年第9期|P.1695-1698|共4页
作者
Abbate J.;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类一般性问题;无线电电子学、电信技术;
关键词
microcomputers; personal computing; Altair 8800; GUI; IC; PC; flashing lights; graphical user interfaces; integrated circuits; microprocessors; personal computer; switches; user-friendly applications software;

机译：微型计算机;个人计算;Altair 8800;GUI;IC;PC;闪光灯;图形用户界面;集成电路;微处理器;个人计算机;开关;用户友好的应用软件;

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4. 50 Years Ago We Constructed the First Hungarian Tube Computer, the M-3: Short Stories from the History of the First Hungarian Computer (1957-1960) [C] . Gyozo Kovacs History of computing : Learning from the past . 2010

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5. The personal computer. A medium with a different message for every user: An investigation into the applicability of mass communications theories to personal computers. [D] . Beinhoff, Lisa Ann. 1997

机译：个人计算机。一种向每个用户传递不同消息的媒介：对大众传播理论在个人计算机上的适用性的调查。
6. Computer program for the IBM personal computer which searches for approximate matches to short oligonucleotide sequences in long target DNA sequences. [O] . E W Myers, D W Mount 1986

机译：IBM个人计算机的计算机程序用于搜索长目标DNA序列中短寡核苷酸序列的近似匹配。
7. Computer program for the IBM personal computer which searches for approximate matches to short oligonucleotide sequences in long target DNA sequences. [O] . Myers, E W, Mount, D W 1986

机译：IBM个人计算机的计算机程序，用于搜索长目标DNA序列中短寡核苷酸序列的近似匹配。
8. Technology Assessment of Personal Computers: Volume II, Personal Computer Technology, Users, and Uses [R] . Nilles, J. M. , Carlson, F. R. , Dordick, H. , 1980

机译：个人计算机技术评估：第二卷，个人计算机技术，用户和用途

Getting small: a short history of the personal computer

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