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Transistor equivalent circuits

机译：晶体管等效电路

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This paper surveys the history of the electric-circuit representation of the transistor over the past fifty years. During the first two decades after the transistor was announced in 1948, primary emphasis was on small-signal equivalent circuits, which could be used for linear-circuit analysis and design. In addition, parameters of many of these equivalent circuits for the bipolar junction transistor, which are described, were related to the physical construction of the device. Approximately two-thirds of the paper is devoted to this period, when the writer personally contributed to this effort. By the beginning of the third decade, transistor circuits had became more complex, and circuit analysis was carried out with the help of digital computers. Interest then shifted away from small-signal equivalent circuits to "models" for computer-aided circuit design (CACD). This transition, including the models used in the widely used CACD program SPICE, is described. MOS transistors are treated only briefly; by the time MOS transistors became commercially viable devices, emphasis then also had shifted to "models" for CACD. In conclusion, the writer notes that there is still hope for us aficionados of small-signal equivalent circuits; new types of transistors are still being characterized in this manner.
机译：本文调查了过去五十年来晶体管的电路表示历史。在1948年晶体管问世后的最初二十年中，主要重点是小信号等效电路，该电路可用于线性电路分析和设计。另外，所描述的用于双极结型晶体管的许多这些等效电路的参数与器件的物理结构有关。大约三分之二的论文专门用于这一时期，而作者本人为此做出了自己的贡献。到第三十年初，晶体管电路变得更加复杂，并且借助于数字计算机进行了电路分析。然后，人们的兴趣从小信号等效电路转移到了计算机辅助电路设计（CACD）的“模型”。描述了这种转换，包括在广泛使用的CACD程序SPICE中使用的模型。 MOS晶体管仅作简要处理；到MOS晶体管成为商业上可行的设备时，重点也转移到了CACD的“模型”上。总之，作者指出，对我们来说，小信号等效电路的爱好者仍然充满希望。新型晶体管仍以这种方式表征。

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