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Non-dominated Time-Window Policies in City Distribution

机译：城市分布中的非主导性时窗政策

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摘要

Urban freight contributes significantly to pollution, noise disturbance, traffic congestion, and safety problems in city centers. In many cities, local governments have introduced policy measures, in particular time-access restrictions, to alleviate these problems. However, setting time windows is very challenging due to the conflicting interests and objectives of the stakeholders involved. In this article, we examine whether it is possible to develop time-window policies that enhance environmental sustainability and distribution efficiencies, while meeting the objectives of the municipalities. We develop a framework for balancing retailer (costs), municipality (satisfaction), and environmental (emissions) objectives, using data envelopment analysis, under different urban time-window policies. The approach is illustrated by a case study of three Dutch retail organizations, with a large number of stores affected by such time windows. On the basis of an evaluation of 99 different time-window policies, our results show that harmonizing time windows between neighboring cities leads to the best overall performance. The currently used time-window policy appears to perform reasonably well, but can be improved on all dimensions. However, harmonizing time-window policies may be difficult to realize in practice.
机译：城市货运对市中心的污染，噪声干扰，交通拥堵和安全问题做出了重大贡献。在许多城市，地方政府已采取政策措施，特别是时间限制，以减轻这些问题。但是，由于利益相关者的利益和目标冲突，设置时间窗口非常具有挑战性。在本文中，我们研究了是否有可能制定时窗政策，以增强环境的可持续性和分配效率，同时满足市政当局的目标。我们使用数据包络分析，根据不同的城市时间窗口政策，开发了一个平衡零售商（成本），市政（满意度）和环境（排放）目标的框架。通过对三个荷兰零售组织的案例研究说明了这种方法，其中许多商店都受到这种时间窗口的影响。在对99种不同的时间窗口策略进行评估的基础上，我们的结果表明，协调相邻城市之间的时间窗口可以带来最佳的整体性能。当前使用的时间窗口策略看起来表现不错，但是可以在所有方面进行改进。但是，在实践中可能难以实现统一的时间窗口策略。

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