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Practical Strategies for Improving Ergonomics

机译：改善人机工程学的实用策略

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Occupational ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to job tasks, equipment and work environment. It is a continuous effort to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people do not do well, thereby fitting the job to the person and enhancing human performance and preventing work-related muscu-loskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The goals of ergonomics are simple and straightforward. The need to operate a machine within a specified set of limits is common sense: 1. If a user operates a machine within the limits of its design, s/he will achieve optimal productivity. 2. If a user consistently operates a machine outside of its limits, the machine will become unreliable and eventually break down. A similar logic can be applied to people. Because the ergonomics discipline provides formal definitions of the cognitive, physiological and biome-chanical capacities of the human, we can apply the information to optimize productivity while avoiding WMSDs through workplace design: If task demands and the work environment are designed to accommodate a person's biological capacity, that person will achieve optimal human productivity and minimum error. If task demands require a person to operate continuously outside of his/her capacity, the human will perform the work unreliably and eventually break down. WMSDs hazards have been well documented by NIOSH and the National Academy of Sciences. Despite ongoing political rhetoric, sufficient scientific research is available to identify ergonomic risks and measure exposures. The difficulty is in identifying effective countermeasures once hazard exposures have been pinpointed. Following are five solution strategies for identifying effective improvements once ergonomic challenges have been identified and evaluations have been completed.
机译：职业工学是一门在工作任务，设备和工作环境方面提高员工绩效和幸福感的科学。不断努力设计适合人们擅长的工作场所，并针对人们不擅长的事物进行设计，从而使工作适合个人并增强人的绩效，并预防与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSD）。人体工程学的目标既简单又直接。在规定的限制范围内操作机器的常识是：1.如果用户在设计限制内操作机器，则将获得最佳的生产率。 2.如果用户始终在超出其限制的范围内操作机器，则机器将变得不可靠，并最终发生故障。类似的逻辑可以应用于人。由于人体工程学学科提供了人类认知，生理和生物力学能力的正式定义，因此我们可以利用信息来优化生产力，同时通过工作场所设计避免WMSD：如果任务要求和工作环境旨在适应人的生物能力，该人将实现最佳的人工生产力和最小的错误。如果任务要求要求一个人在其能力范围之外连续工作，那么该人将无法可靠地执行工作，并最终崩溃。 NIOSH和美国国家科学院已充分记录了WMSD的危害。尽管政治言论不休，但有足够的科学研究可以确定人体工程学风险并衡量暴露程度。一旦查明了危害暴露，困难在于确定有效的对策。以下是五种解决方案策略，可在确定了人体工程学挑战并完成评估后，确定有效的改进措施。

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