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Transonic and supersonic ground effect aerodynamics

机译:跨音速和超音速地面效应空气动力学

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摘要

A review of recent and historical work in the field of transonic and supersonic ground effect aerodynamics has been conducted, focussing on applied research on wings and aircraft, present and future ground transportation, projectiles, rocket sleds and other related bodies which travel in close ground proximity in the compressible regime. Methods for ground testing are described and evaluated, noting that wind tunnel testing is best performed with a symmetry model in the absence of a moving ground; sled or rail testing is ultimately preferable, though considerably more expensive. Findings are reported on shock-related ground influence on aerodynamic forces and moments in and accelerating through the transonic regime - where force reversals and the early onset of local supersonic flow is prevalent - as well as more predictable behaviours in fully supersonic to hypersonic ground effect flows.
机译:对跨音速和超音速地面效应空气动力学领域的最新和历史工作进行了回顾,重点是机翼和飞机,当前和将来的地面运输,弹丸,火箭雪橇和其他在地面附近飞行的相关物体的应用研究。在可压缩状态。描述并评估了地面测试方法,并指出在没有运动地面的情况下,最好使用对称模型进行风洞测试;尽管更昂贵,但最终还是最好进行雪橇或铁路测试。报告发现了与冲击有关的地面对跨音速状态中的气动力和力矩的影响,并通过跨音速加速-在这种情况下力的反转和局部超音速流的早期发作很普遍-以及在完全超音速到高超音速地面流中更可预测的行为。

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