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Capabilities and limitations of existing hypersonic facilities

机译：现有高超音速设施的能力和局限性

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This paper presents an overview and analysis of the various aspects of hypersonic ground testing. For this, first the simulation requirements according to the different flow regimes of hypersonics flight are briefly described. Based hereon the methodologies of hypersonic ground testing are reviewed and the limitations of applicability are discussed. The characteristics and capabilities of the different hypersonic wind tunnels which facilitate hypersonic ground testing are discussed. The capabilities and limitations of these facilities are quantitatively assessed in regards to the simulation of relevant flight conditions. In addition, limitations of the ground test facilities, such as test time and test model size, are assessed for reflected shock tunnels and expansion tunnels. The trend is that each type of hypersonic facility has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. Continuous running and blowdown facilities allow the longest running times, detailed measurements and best knowledge of freestream properties, but are limited to low stagnation enthalpies. On the other hand, reflected shock tunnels and especially expansion tunnels allow for high enthalpy conditions, but suffer from short test times and a limited variety of measurement techniques. So, success in experimental hypersonics would result from testing in a variety of different facilities in order to benefit from the advantages of each facility. Testing in shock tubes i.e. behind the incident shock wave is not considered in this paper since this type of experiments is mostly suitable for fundamental shock relaxation studies and not for detailed wind tunnel model testing.
机译：本文对高超音速地面测试的各个方面进行了概述和分析。为此，首先简要描述了根据高超音速飞行的不同流态的模拟要求。在此基础上，回顾了高超声速地面测试的方法，并讨论了其适用性的局限性。讨论了有助于高超声速地面测试的不同高超声速风洞的特性和功能。这些设施的能力和局限性是根据模拟相关飞行条件进行定量评估的。另外，针对反射的冲击隧道和膨胀隧道评估了地面测试设施的局限性，例如测试时间和测试模型尺寸。趋势是每种类型的高超音速设施都有其独特的优点和缺点。连续运行和排污设施可提供最长的运行时间，详细的测量结果以及对自由流特性的最佳了解，但仅限于低停滞焓。另一方面，反射的冲击隧道，特别是膨胀隧道，允许高焓条件，但是测试时间短且测量技术种类有限。因此，要在每种不同的设施中受益，就必须在各种不同的设施中进行测试，才能取得实验性高超声速的成功。本文不考虑在激波管中进行测试，即在入射激波后面进行测试，因为这种类型的实验最适合基本的激波松弛研究，而不适合详细的风洞模型测试。

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