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A review of aircraft auxiliary power unit faults, diagnostics and acoustic measurements

机译：飞机辅助电源单元故障，诊断和声学测量综述

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The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is an integral part of an aircraft, providing electrical and pneumatic power to various on-board sub-systems. APU failure results in delay or cancellation of a flight, accompanied by the imposition of hefty fines from the regional authorities. Such inadvertent situations can be avoided by continuously monitoring the health of the system and reporting any incipient fault to the MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul) organization. Generally, enablers for such health monitoring techniques are embedded during a product's design. However, a situation may arise where only the critical components are regularly monitored, and their status presented to the operator. In such cases, efforts can be made during service to incorporate additional health monitoring features using the already installed sensing mechanisms supplemented by maintenance data or by instrumenting the system with appropriate sensors. Due to the inherently critical nature of aircraft systems, it is necessary that instrumentation does not interfere with a system's performance and does not pose any safety concerns. One such method is to install non-intrusive vibroacoustic sensors such that the system integrity is maintained while maximizing system fault diagnostic knowledge. To start such an approach, an indepth literature survey is necessary as this has not been previously reported in a consolidated manner. Therefore, this paper concentrates on auxiliary power units, their failure modes, maintenance strategies, fault diagnostic methodologies, and their acoustic signature. The recent trend in APU design and requirements, and the need for innovative fault diagnostics techniques and acoustic measurements for future aircraft, have also been summarized. Finally, the paper will highlight the shortcomings found during the survey, the challenges, and prospects, of utilizing sound as a source of diagnostics for aircraft auxiliary power units.
机译：辅助电源单元（APU）是飞机的一体部分，为各种车载子系统提供电气和气动动力。 APU失败导致航班延迟或取消，伴随着区域当局的契约罚款。通过不断监控系统的健康并向MRO（维护修复和大修）组织报告任何初始错误，可以避免这种无意的情况。通常，在产品的设计期间嵌入了这种健康监测技术的推动力。然而，可能出现一个情况，其中仅定期监视关键组件，并且它们呈现给运营商的状态。在这种情况下，可以在服务期间进行努力，并使用由维护数据的已经安装的感测机制或通过用适当的传感器仪器仪器仪器来结合额外的健康监测功能。由于飞机系统本质上的批评性质，仪器必须干扰系统的性能并且不会对任何安全问题产生任何安全问题。一种这样的方法是安装非侵入式雕刻传感器，使得保持系统完整性，同时最大化系统故障诊断知识。为了开始这样的方法，必须是必要的印度文学调查，因为这尚未以综合的方式报告。因此，本文集中在辅助动力装置上，其故障模式，维护策略，故障诊断方法及其声学签名。近期近期趋势设计和要求，以及对未来飞机的创新故障诊断技术和声学测量的需求。最后，本文将突出调查期间发现的缺点，挑战和潜在客户，利用声音作为飞机辅助电源单元的诊断来源。

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