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CO2 capture from the industry sector

机译：从工业部门捕获二氧化碳

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It is widely accepted that greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, must be significantly reduced to prevent catastrophic global warming. Carbon capture and reliable storage (CCS) is one path towards controlling emissions, and serves as a key component to climate change mitigation and will serve as a bridge between the fossil fuel energy of today and the renewable energy of the future. Although fossil-fueled power plants emit the vast majority of stationary CO2, there are many industries that emit purer streams of CO2, which result in reduced cost for separation. Moreover, many industries outside of electricity generation do not have ready alternatives for becoming low-carbon and CCS may be their only option. The thermodynamic minimum work for separation was calculated for a variety of CO2 emissions streams from various industries, followed by a Sherwood analysis of capture cost. The Sherwood plot correlates the relationship between concentrations of a target substance with the cost to separate it from the remaining components. As the target concentration increases, the cost to separate decreases on a molar basis. Furthermore, the lowest cost opportunities for deploying first-of-a-kind CCS technology were found to be in the Midwest and along the Gulf Coast. Many high purity industries, such as ethanol production, ammonia production and natural gas processing, are located in these regions. The southern Midwest and Gulf Coast are also co-located with potential geologic sequestration sites and enhanced oil recovery opportunities. As a starting point, these sites may provide the demonstration and knowledge necessary for reducing carbon capture technology costs across all industries, and improving the economic viability for CCS and climate change mitigation. The various industries considered in this review were examined from a dilution and impact perspective to determine the best path forward in terms of prioritizing for carbon capture. A possible implementation pathway is presented that initially focuses on CO2 capture from ethanol production, followed by the cement industry, ammonia, and then natural gas processing and ethylene oxide production. While natural gas processing and ethylene oxide production produce high purity streams, they only account for relatively small portions of industrial process CO2. Finally, petroleum refineries account for almost a fifth of industrial process CO2, but are comprised of numerous low-purity CO2 streams. These qualities make these three industries less attractive for initial CC implementation, and better suited for consideration towards the end of the industrial CC pathway. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：人们普遍认为，必须大幅度减少温室气体的排放，尤其是二氧化碳的排放，以防止灾难性的全球变暖。碳捕获和可靠存储（CCS）是控制排放的一种途径，是缓解气候变化的关键组成部分，并将成为当今化石燃料能源和未来可再生能源之间的桥梁。尽管以化石燃料为燃料的发电厂排放出大量的固定CO2，但仍有许多行业排放的CO2纯度更高，从而降低了分离成本。此外，发电以外的许多行业还没有现成的替代方案来实现低碳，而CCS可能是他们的唯一选择。计算了来自不同行业的各种CO2排放流的热力学最小分离功，然后对捕获成本进行了Sherwood分析。舍伍德图将目标物质的浓度与将其与其余成分分离的成本之间的关系相关联。随着目标浓度的增加，分离的成本以摩尔为基准降低。此外，发现在中西部和墨西哥湾沿岸部署首创CCS技术的成本最低的机会。这些地区分布着许多高纯度行业，例如乙醇生产，氨生产和天然气加工。中西部南部和墨西哥湾沿岸也与潜在的地质封存地点共处一地，并增加了采油机会。作为起点，这些站点可以提供必要的示范和知识，以降低所有行业的碳捕集技术成本，并提高CCS和缓解气候变化的经济可行性。本文从稀释和影响的角度对本次评估中考虑的各个行业进行了研究，以确定优先考虑碳捕集的最佳途径。提出了一个可能的实施途径，该途径最初侧重于乙醇生产中的二氧化碳捕获，其次是水泥工业，氨气，然后是天然气加工和环氧乙烷生产。尽管天然气加工和环氧乙烷生产产生高纯度的物流，但它们仅占工业过程CO2的相对较小部分。最后，炼油厂占工业过程CO2的近五分之一，但由许多低纯度的CO2物流组成。这些品质使得这三个行业对于最初实施CC的吸引力降低，更适合在工业CC途径结束时考虑。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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