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首页> 外文期刊>PSSC social science information >Democracy in the trenches: Re-imposing civilian supremacy in counterinsurgency operations in the Philippines
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Democracy in the trenches: Re-imposing civilian supremacy in counterinsurgency operations in the Philippines

机译：the沟民主：在菲律宾的平叛行动中重新赋予平民至高无上的地位

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Civilian supremacy, defined as military subordination to elected civilian rulers in matters of security and defense decision-making, is an integral component of democracy. For the Philippines, achieving civilian supremacy after the 1986 democratic transition has been challenging because of persistent threat posed by communist insurgents. In the past decade, the civilian governments have entered into intermittent peace talks with the Communist party and its armed wing, the New People's Army, which although still not yielding any conclusive agreements, nevertheless opened avenues for a non-military solution to the problem. The repeal of the anti-Sedition Law (thus making the Communist Party legal) and the emergence of the legal Left in electoral politics in effect redefined who are the 'enemies' of the state. The recently concluded peace agreement with one faction of the communist group (the Revolutionary Proletarian Army-Alex Boncayao Brigade) and the moderately successful amnesty program further narrowed down the insurgents. Civilian initiatives such as legal culpability for human rights violations committed by soldiers in the field, human rights training for the army and the paramilitary, and legislative fiscal control on paramilitary recruitment combine to limit the ways in which the military conducts counterinsurgency operations. But alongside the civilian governments also accommodated military interests in this area by allowing the continued use of paramilitary troops for counterinsurgency operations (albeit with restrictions on recruitment and training) and by not suspending military offensives during peace talks.
机译：平民至高无上被定义为在安全和国防决策方面对民选统治者的军事从属地位，是民主的组成部分。对于菲律宾而言，由于共产主义叛乱分子的持续威胁，在1986年民主过渡后实现平民至上一直是一项挑战。在过去的十年中，平民政府与共产党及其武装部门新人民军进行了断断续续的和平谈判，尽管仍未达成任何决定性协议，但它们为非军事解决该问题开辟了道路。废除反煽动法（从而使共产党合法）和选举政治中合法左翼的出现实际上重新定义了谁是国家的“敌人”。最近与共产主义集团的一个派别（无产阶级革命军-亚历克斯·邦卡尧旅）达成的和平协议以及大获成功的大赦计划进一步缩小了叛乱分子的范围。平民举措，例如对士兵在现场犯下的侵犯人权行为的法律责任，对军队和准军事人员的人权培训以及对准军事人员招募的立法财务控制，共同限制了军队开展平叛行动的方式。但是，除了允许民兵在平叛行动中继续使用准军事部队（尽管对招募和培训有所限制），而且在和平谈判期间不中止军事攻势之外，平民政府还与该地区的军事利益保持了一致。

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