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The Placebo Effect: Dissolving the Expectancy VersusConditioning Debate

机译：安慰剂效应：消除期望与条件辩论

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摘要

The authors review the literature on the 2 main models of the placebo effect: expectancy theory and classical conditioning. A path is suggested to dissolving the theoretical impasse that has long plagued this issue. The key is to make a clear distinction between 2 questions: What factors shape placebo effects? and What learning mediates the placebo effect? The reviewed literature suggests that classical conditioning procedures are one shaping factor but that verbal information can also shape placebo effects. The literature also suggests that conditioning procedures and other sources of information sometimes shape conscious expectancies and that these expectancies mediate some placebo effects; however, in other cases conditioning procedures appear to shape placebo effects that are not mediated by conscious cognition.
机译：作者回顾了有关安慰剂效应的两种主要模型的文献：期望理论和经典条件。提出了一条解决长期困扰这个问题的理论僵局的途径。关键是要明确区分两个问题：哪些因素会影响安慰剂作用？哪些学习介导了安慰剂作用？综述文献表明，经典的调理程序是一种塑造因素，但言语信息也可以塑造安慰剂的作用。文献还表明，调节程序和其他信息来源有时会影响有意识的预期，并且这些预期会介导一些安慰剂效应。但是，在其他情况下，调理程序似乎可以塑造安慰剂的作用，而这种作用不是由有意识的认知介导的。

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  • 来源
    《Psychological Bulletin》 |2004年第2期|p. 324-340|共17页
  • 作者

    Steve Stewart-Williams; John Podd;

  • 作者单位

    School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand;

    School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 心理学;
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