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首页> 外文期刊>Psychological Bulletin >Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias
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Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias

机译：归因中是否存在普遍的积极偏见？对自我服务归因偏见中的个体差异，发展差异和文化差异进行的荟萃分析

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摘要

Researchers have suggested the presence of a self-serving attributional bias, with people making more internal, stable, and global attributions for positive events than for negative events. This study examined the magnitude, ubiquity, and adaptiveness of this bias. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 266 studies, yielding 503 independent effect sizes. The average d was 0.96, indicating a large bias. The bias was present in nearly all samples. There were significant age differences, with children and older adults displaying the largest biases. Asian samples displayed significantly smaller biases (d = 0.30) than U.S. (d = 1.05) or Western (d = 0.70) samples. Psychopathology was associated with a significantly attenuated bias (d = 0.48) compared with samples without psychopathology (d = 1.28) and community samples (d = 1.08). The bias was smallest for samples with depression (0.21), anxiety (0.46), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (0.55). Findings confirm that the self-serving attributional bias is pervasive in the general population but demonstrates significant variability across age, culture, and psychopathology.
机译：研究人员认为，存在自我服务的归因偏见，与否定事件相比，人们对积极事件的内部，稳定和全局归因更多。这项研究检查了这种偏差的程度，普遍性和适应性。作者对266个研究进行了荟萃分析，得出503个独立的效应量。平均值d为0.96，表明存在较大偏差。几乎所有样品中都存在偏差。年龄之间存在显着差异，儿童和老年人的偏见最大。亚洲样本显示的偏差（d = 0.30）比美国样本（d = 1.05）或西方样本（d = 0.70）小得多。与没有精神病理学的样本（d = 1.28）和社区样本（d = 1.08）相比，精神病理学与偏倚显着降低（d = 0.48）。对于抑郁症（0.21），焦虑症（0.46）和注意力不足/多动症（0.55）的样本，偏倚最小。研究结果证实，自我维护的归因偏见在普通人群中普遍存在，但在年龄，文化和心理病理学之间显示出显着的变异性。

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