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Participant distress in psychiatric research: a systematic review

机译：精神病学研究中的参与者困扰：系统评价

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Background. There has been ethical concern that participants in psychiatric research will become distressed and their mental state might worsen. Method. A systematic search was carried out for studies that examined distress following participation in research that involved the assessment of psychiatric state or associated risk factors. There were 46 relevant studies. Results. A minority of participants become distressed immediately after participation, with distress more likely in studies of traumatic experiences. There is limited evidence on longer-term effects, but what there is suggests no adverse impact. Positive reactions to participation show little association with distress and these are more common than negative reactions. Very few studies of distress in research have used control groups to establish causal associations. However, what evidence there is suggests no causal role, including for research on suicidality. Researchers in this area have made a range of suggestions about ethical practice. Conclusions. A minority of participants in psychiatric research become distressed, but there is no evidence of longer-term harm. Nevertheless, researchers need to take account of ethical concerns in designing studies. Future research in the area needs to be carried out with stronger designs involving control groups.
机译：背景。出于道德考虑，精神病学研究的参与者会感到沮丧，他们的精神状态可能会恶化。方法。进行了系统的搜索，以研究参与了涉及精神状态或相关危险因素评估的研究后检查困扰的情况。有46个相关研究。结果。少数参与者在参与后立即感到困扰，在研究创伤经历时更容易感到困扰。关于长期影响的证据有限，但没有不利影响。参与的积极反应很少显示出与苦恼的关系，而且比消极反应更为普遍。在研究中很少有关于苦恼的研究使用对照组来建立因果关系。但是，没有证据表明没有因果作用，包括对自杀的研究。该领域的研究人员对道德实践提出了一系列建议。结论。少数参与精神病学研究的人感到沮丧，但没有长期损害的证据。尽管如此，研究人员在设计研究时需要考虑到伦理问题。该领域的未来研究需要通过涉及控制组的更强大设计来进行。

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