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Understanding citizen perceptions of science controversy: bridging the ethnographic-survey research divide

机译：了解公民对科学争议的看法：弥合人种学调查研究鸿沟

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摘要

Using the contemporary debate in the United States over embryonic stem cell research as a test case, we outline a theoretical framework that points to the central impact of value predispositions, schema, political knowledge, and forms of mass media use in shaping public perceptions of science. In the process, by proposing an alternative approach to the dominant science literacy model, we address the existing divide between survey-based and ethnographic studies. Analyzing nationally representative survey data collected in the US in the fall of 2003, our findings suggest that value predispositions related to Christian conservatism and social ideology, along with schema related to abortion and reservations about science, serve as primary influences on citizen evaluations of embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning, while our measure of issue-specific political knowledge had no statistically significant impact. In addition, after all controls, attention to newspaper coverage along with various forms of genre-specific entertainment television use have unique influences on citizen evaluations, suggesting that the mass media provide an important part of the social context by which citizens judge controversial science. Other survey results since our data collection in 2003 lend support to our findings. Religious and ideological values appear to filter the influence of information disseminated by scientific institutions. We conclude by discussing future research that connects findings from ethnographic studies with survey-based approaches.
机译：以美国当代关于胚胎干细胞研究的辩论作为测试案例，我们概述了一个理论框架，指出了价值倾向，图式，政治知识和大众媒体使用形式在塑造公众对科学的认识方面的核心影响。在此过程中，通过为占主导地位的科学素养模型提出一种替代方法，我们解决了基于调查的研究与民族志研究之间的现有分歧。通过分析2003年秋季在美国收集的具有全国代表性的调查数据，我们的研究结果表明，与基督教保守主义和社会意识形态有关的价值倾向以及与堕胎和对科学的保留有关的模式，是对公民对胚胎干的评估的主要影响力细胞研究和治疗性克隆，而我们针对特定问题的政治知识的衡量方法没有统计学上的显着影响。此外，在进行所有控制之后，对报纸报道的关注以及各种形式的特定类型的娱乐电视的使用对公民评价具有独特的影响，这表明大众媒体为公民判断有争议的科学提供了社会背景的重要组成部分。自2003年数据收集以来的其他调查结果为我们的发现提供了支持。宗教和意识形态价值观似乎过滤了由科学机构传播的信息的影响。最后，我们讨论了将民族志研究的结果与基于调查的方法联系起来的未来研究。

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