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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Landslides, Ice Quakes, Earthquakes: A Thermodynamic Approach to Surface Instabilities
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Landslides, Ice Quakes, Earthquakes: A Thermodynamic Approach to Surface Instabilities

机译：滑坡，冰地震，地震：表面不稳定性的热力学方法

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摘要

The total rate of rock deformation results from competing deformation processes, including ductile and brittle mechanisms. Particular deformation styles arise from the dominance of certain mechanisms over others at different ambient conditions. Surprisingly, rates of deformation in naturally deformed rocks are found to cluster around two extremes, representing coseismic slip rates or viscous creep rates. Classical rock mechanics is traditionally used to interpret these instabilities. These approaches consider the principle of conservation of energy. We propose to go one step further and introduce a nonlinear far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic approach in which the central and explicit role of entropy controls instabilities. We also show how this quantity might be calculated for complex crustal systems. This approach provides strain-rate partitioning for natural deformation processes occurring at rates in the order of 10-3 to 10-9 s-1. We discuss these processes using examples of landslides and ice quakes or glacial surges. We will then illustrate how the mechanical mechanisms derived from these near-surface processes can be applied to deformation near the base of the seismogenic crust, especially to the phenomenon of slow earthquakes. Keywords Seismology - geodynamics - instabilities - thermodynamics - entropy production - numerical modelling
机译：岩石变形的总速率来自竞争性变形过程，包括延性和脆性机制。在不同的环境条件下，某些机构的主导地位引起了特殊的变形风格。出乎意料的是，发现自然变形岩石中的变形率聚集在两个极端附近，代表同震滑动率或粘性蠕变率。传统上，经典的岩石力学用于解释这些不稳定性。这些方法考虑了能量守恒的原理。我们建议更进一步，介绍一种非线性远离平衡的热力学方法，其中熵的中心作用和显性作用控制不稳定性。我们还将展示如何为复杂的地壳系统计算该数量。这种方法为发生在10 -3 到10 -9 s -1 数量级的自然变形过程提供了应变率分区。我们以滑坡和冰震或冰川涌动为例讨论这些过程。然后，我们将说明源自这些近地表过程的力学机制如何应用于发震地壳底部附近的变形，尤其是慢地震现象。关键词地震学-地球动力学-不稳定性-热力学-熵产生-数值模拟

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