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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >A Comparison of Mechanical Behavior and Frequency-Energy Relations for Two Kinds of Echelon Fault Structures Through Numerical Simulation
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A Comparison of Mechanical Behavior and Frequency-Energy Relations for Two Kinds of Echelon Fault Structures Through Numerical Simulation

机译：通过数值模拟比较两种梯形断层结构的力学行为和频率-能量关系

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摘要

Heterogeneities of faults and rock blocks were included in the present numerical simulation to study differences between the compressive and extensional echelon fault structures. Released elastic strain energy due to shear and tensile failures of elements was calculated. An event is defined as a failed element releasing energy. For calculation of the frequency-energy relation, whose negative slope was labled b 0 value, a cut-off factor, used to delete a few larger events, and a classification factor, used to group the remaining events into several grades, were introduced. The evolution of b 0 value at different stages was obtained. Three kinds of changes in b 0 value were found. In the compressive echelon fault structure, no remarkable change in b 0 value is observed during the outward propagation of tensile failure zones, also during the jog failure in the extensional fault structure. This is due to the fact that tensile failure only increases the number of small events that are originally larger. In the compressive echelon fault structure, a rapid decrease of b 0 value is found during the jog failure since a shear failure zone links two fault tips, leading to the occurrence of larger events. For both kinds of echelon fault structures, b 0 value is found to decrease continuously during the fault reactivation. This is related to stress or strain enhancement over a larger area. In the extensional fault structure, a recovery in b 0 value in the vicinity of the stress peak is found after a global minimum, which is similar to phenomena caused by aftershocks. Moreover, evolution of b 0 value at different stages for the same echelon fault structure and that at the same stage for different echelon fault structures are compared and analyzed. It is found that the change in fault structure may not lead to the change in b 0 value. To obtain a more continuous and less fluctuant b 0 value curve, the suggested values of the cut-off and classification factors are 1/8 ~ 1/2 and 3 ~ 4, respectively. The proposed method can also be used to analyze the mechanical behavior and frequency-energy relations for other typical or complex fault structures. Our work can contribute to identify the regions where abnormalities or precursors can be monitored and to assess the positions of larger events.
机译：断层和岩石块的非均质性被包括在目前的数值模拟中，以研究纵，纵梯形断层结构之间的差异。计算了由于单元的剪切和拉伸破坏而释放的弹性应变能。事件定义为释放能量的故障元素。为了计算频率-能量关系，其负斜率被标记为b 0 值，一个截止因子用于删除一些较大的事件，而分类因子用于将其余事件分组为几个等级，进行了介绍。得到了b 0 值在不同阶段的演化。发现b 0的三种变化值。在压缩梯形断层构造中，在拉伸断裂带的向外传播过程中，以及在延伸断裂构造中的缓动断裂过程中，b 0 值均未观察到明显变化。这是由于以下事实：拉伸破坏只会增加原本较大的小事件的数量。在压梯形断层结构中，由于剪切破坏带将两个断层尖端联系在一起，因此在缓动破坏过程中发现了b 0 值的快速下降，从而导致了较大的事件发生。对于这两种梯形断层结构，发现b 0 值在断层重新激活期间不断减小。这与更大面积上的应力或应变增强有关。在伸展断层结构中，在一个整体最小值之后发现应力峰值附近的b 0 值恢复，这类似于余震引起的现象。并比较分析了同一梯队断层构造不同阶段b 0值的演化和不同梯队断层构造在同一阶段b 0值的演化。发现故障结构的改变可能不会导致b 0 值的改变。为了获得更连续且波动较小的b 0 值曲线，建议的截止因子和分类因子的值分别为1/8〜1/2和3〜4。所提出的方法还可以用于分析其他典型或复杂断层结构的力学行为和频率-能量关系。我们的工作可以帮助确定可以监视异常或前兆的区域，并评估较大事件的位置。

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