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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Temporal Variability of Major and Trace Element Concentrations in the Groundwaters of Mt. Etna (Italy): Effects of Transient Input of Magmatic Fluids Highlighted by Means of Cluster Analysis
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Temporal Variability of Major and Trace Element Concentrations in the Groundwaters of Mt. Etna (Italy): Effects of Transient Input of Magmatic Fluids Highlighted by Means of Cluster Analysis

机译：山地地下水中主要和微量元素浓度的时间变化。埃特纳火山（意大利）：通过聚类分析突出岩浆流体瞬态输入的影响

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摘要

Data for major, minor and trace elements in groundwaters from Mt. Etna volcano collected in 1994, 1995 and 1997 were analyzed using Cluster Analysis (CA). Two groups of sampling sites were identified (named clusters A and B), mainly on the basis of their different salinity and content of dissolved CO2. The highest levels of both of these parameters were observed in the sites of cluster A, located in the lower south-western and central eastern flanks of the volcano. For both of the statistical groups CA was repeated, taking into account the mean values of each parameter in time, and the results allowed us to recognize four distinct groups of parameters for each group of sites on the basis of their temporal patterns. Four different types of temporal patterns were recognized: concave, convex, increasing, decreasing. The observed changes were basically interpreted as a result of the different response of dissolved chemical elements to changes in the aqueous environment and/or in their solubility/mobility in water due to different rates of input of magmatic gases to Etna’s aquifers. The main changes occurred in 1995, when Etna’s volcanic activity resumed after a two-year period of rest. The temporal changes of the majority of the studied parameters (water temperature, water conductivity, Eh, pH, Al, Mg, B, Ca, Cl?, Hg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Se, Si, Sr, Cr Zn and pCO2) were not cluster-dependent, therefore they were not apparently affected by differences in water salinity between the two groups of sampling sites. A limited number of parameters (Ti, K, Li, HCO 3 ? , As, Fe, SO 4 2? , Cu and V), however, manifested different behaviors, depending on the cluster of sites to which they belonged, thus suggesting their apparent dependency on water salinity.
机译：泰山的地下水中主要，次要和微量元素的数据。使用聚类分析（CA）对1994年，1995年和1997年收集的埃特纳火山进行了分析。根据盐度和溶解二氧化碳含量的不同，确定了两组采样点（分别称为簇A和簇B）。这两个参数的最高水平都在位于火山西南西南侧和中东部侧翼的A群地点。对于两个统计组，都重复考虑了每个参数在时间上的平均值，从而使CA得以重复，结果使我们能够根据每个站点的时间模式识别出四个不同的参数组。识别出四种不同类型的时间模式：凹，凸，增加，减少。观察到的变化基本上是由于溶解的化学元素对水环境变化和/或其在水中的溶解度/迁移率的不同响应而导致的，这些变化是由于岩浆气体向Etna含水层的输入速率不同所致。主要变化发生在1995年，当时经过两年的休息，埃特纳火山的火山活动恢复了。大多数研究参数的时间变化（水温，水电导率，Eh，pH，Al，Mg，B，Ca，Cl 2，Hg，Mn，Mo，Na，Ni，Se，Si， Sr，Cr Zn和pCO2 都不是簇相关的，因此它们显然不受两组采样点之间水盐度差异的影响。但是，有限数量的参数（Ti，K，Li，HCO 3 ？，As，Fe，SO 4 2？，Cu和V）表现出不同行为，取决于它们所属的地点簇，因此表明它们明显依赖于水盐度。

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