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Development and Applications of Double-difference Seismic Tomography

机译：双差地震层析成像技术的发展与应用

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摘要

Double-difference (DD) tomography is a generalization of DD location; it simultaneously solves for the three-dimensional velocity structure and seismic event locations. DD tomography uses a combination of absolute and more accurate differential arrival times and hierarchically determines the velocity structure from larger scale to smaller scale. This method is able to produce more accurate event locations and velocity structure near the source region than standard tomography, which uses only absolute arrival times. We conduct a stability and uncertainty analysis of DD tomography based on a synthetic data set. Currently three versions of the DD tomography algorithms exist: tomoDD, tomoFDD and tomoADD. TomoDD assumes a flat earth model and uses a pseudo-bending ray-tracing algorithm to find rays between events and stations while tomoFDD uses a finite-difference travel-time algorithm and the curvature of the Earth is considered. Both codes are based on a regularly distributed inversion grid, with the former for a local scale and the latter for a regional scale. In contrast, tomoADD adapts the inversion mesh to match with the data distribution based on tetrahedral and Voronoi diagrams. We discuss examples of applying DD tomography to characterize fault zone structure, image high-resolution structure of subduction zones, and determine the velocity structure of volcanoes.
机译：双差（DD）层析成像是DD位置的概括；它同时解决了三维速度结构和地震事件的位置。 DD层析成像结合了绝对和更精确的差分到达时间，并从大比例尺到小比例尺分层确定速度结构。与仅使用绝对到达时间的标准断层摄影相比，该方法能够在源区域附近产生更准确的事件位置和速度结构。我们基于综合数据集对DD断层扫描进行稳定性和不确定性分析。当前，存在三种DD断层扫描算法版本：tomoDD，tomoFDD和tomoADD。 TomoDD假定一个平坦的地球模型，并使用伪弯曲射线跟踪算法在事件和测站之间寻找射线，而tomoFDD使用有限差分传播时间算法，并考虑了地球的曲率。两种代码均基于规则分布的反演网格，前者用于局部规模，后者用于区域规模。相反，tomoADD使反演网格适应基于四面体和Voronoi图的数据分布。我们讨论了应用DD层析成像来表征断层带结构，对俯冲带进行高分辨率成像并确定火山的速度结构的示例。

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