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The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

机译：5G及其超出无线网络的潜在短期和长期的中断和变革影响：从5G测试环境的开发中汲取的经验教训

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The capacity and coverage requirements for 5(th) generation (5G) and beyond wireless connectivity will be significantly different from the predecessor networks. To meet these requirements, the anticipated deployment cost in the United Kingdom (UK) is predicted to be between & x00A3;30bn and & x00A3;50bn, whereas the current annual capital expenditure (CapEX) of the mobile network operators (MNOs) is & x00A3;2.5bn. This prospect has vastly impacted and has become one of the major delaying factors for building the 5G physical infrastructure, whereas other areas of 5G are progressing at their speed. Due to the expensive and complicated nature of the network infrastructure and spectrum, the second-tier operators, widely known as mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), are entirely dependent on the MNOs. In this paper, an extensive study is conducted to explore the possibilities of reducing the 5G deployment cost and developing viable business models. In this regard, the potential of infrastructure, data, and spectrum sharing is thoroughly investigated. It is established that the use of existing public infrastructure (e.g., streetlights, telephone poles, etc.) has a potential to reduce the anticipated cost by about 40 & x0025; to 60 & x0025;. This paper also reviews the recent Ofcom initiatives to release location-based licenses of the 5G-compatible radio spectrum. Our study suggests that simplification of infrastructure and spectrum will encourage the exponential growth of scenario-specific cellular networks (e.g., private networks, community networks, micro-operators) and will potentially disrupt the current business models of telecommunication business stakeholders & x2013; specifically MNOs and TowerCos. Furthermore, the anticipated dense device connectivity in 5G will increase the resolution of traditional and non-traditional data availability significantly. This will encourage extensive data harvesting as a business opportunity and function within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large social networks. Consequently, the rise of new infrastructures and spectrum stakeholders is anticipated. This will fuel the development of a 5G data exchange ecosystem where data transactions are deemed to be high-value business commodities. The privacy and security of such data, as well as definitions of the associated revenue models and ownership, are challenging areas & x2013; and these have yet to emerge and mature fully. In this direction, this paper proposes the development of a unified data hub with layered structured privacy and security along with blockchain and encrypted off-chain based ownership/royalty tracking. Also, a data economy-oriented business model is proposed. The study found that with the potential commodification of data and data transactions along with the low-cost physical infrastructure and spectrum, the 5G network will introduce significant disruption in the Telco business ecosystem.
机译：5（TH）生成（5G）和超越无线连接的容量和覆盖要求与前任网络有很大差异。为满足这些要求，预计英国（英国）的预期部署成本将在和X00A3之间介于和X00A3; 30BN和X00A3; 50亿，而目前移动网络运营商（MNOS）的年资本支出（CAPEX）是＆ x00a3; 2.5亿。这一前景巨大影响，已成为建立5G物理基础设施的主要延迟因素之一，而5克的其他区域正在以其速度进展。由于网络基础设施和频谱的昂贵和复杂性，二线运营商广泛称为移动虚拟网络运营商（MVNO），完全依赖于MNO。在本文中，进行了广泛的研究，探讨了减少5G部署成本和开发可行商业模式的可能性。在这方面，彻底调查了基础设施，数据和频谱共享的潜力。建立现有的公共基础设施（例如，路灯，电话杆等）的使用有可能降低预期的成本约40＆x0025;到60＆x0025;本文还审查了最近的赛季举措，以释放5G兼容的无线电频谱的基于位置的许可证。我们的研究表明，基础设施和频谱的简化将鼓励情景特定的蜂窝网络的指数增长（例如，私人网络，社区网络，微型运营商），并可能会破坏电信业务利益相关者的当前商业模式和X2013;特别是mnos和towercos。此外，5G的预期致密设备连接将显着增加传统和非传统数据可用性的分辨率。这将鼓励广泛的数据收获作为中小企业（中小企业）和大型社交网络的商业机会和功能。因此，预计新基础设施和频谱利益攸关方的兴起将被预期。这将推动5G数据交换生态系统的开发，其中数据交易被视为高价值商品。这些数据的隐私和安全性以及相关收入模型和所有权的定义是具有挑战性的地区和X2013;这些尚未充分出现和成熟。在这方面，本文提出了具有分层结构性隐私和安全性的统一数据集线器的开发以及集成区块链和加密的关联的基于链的所有权/版税/皇室跟踪。此外，提出了一种以经济为导向的商业模式。该研究发现，随着数据和数据交易的潜在商品以及低成本的物理基础设施和频谱，5G网络将在Telco业务生态系统中引入显着的中断。

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