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Developing tailored instruments: item banking and computerized adaptive assessment

机译：开发量身定制的工具：项目库存和计算机化自适应评估

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摘要

Item banks and Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) have the potential to greatly improve the assessment of health outcomes. This review describes the unique features of item banks and CAT and discusses how to develop item banks. In CAT, a computer selects the items from an item bank that are most relevant for and informative about the particular respondent; thus optimizing test relevance and precision. Item response theory (IRT) provides the foundation for selecting the items that are most informative for the particular respondent and for scoring responses on a common metric. The development of an item bank is a multi-stage process that requires a clear definition of the construct to be measured, good items, a careful psychometric analysis of the items, and a clear specification of the final CAT. The psychometric analysis needs to evaluate the assumptions of the IRT model such as unidimensionality and local independence; that the items function the same way in different subgroups of the population; and that there is an adequate fit between the data and the chosen item response models. Also, interpretation guidelines need to be established to help the clinical application of the assessment. Although medical research can draw upon expertise from educational testing in the development of item banks and CAT, the medical field also encounters unique opportunities and challenges.
机译：项目库和计算机自适应测试（CAT）有可能极大地改善对健康结果的评估。这篇评论描述了项目库和CAT的独特功能，并讨论了如何开发项目库。在CAT中，计算机从项目库中选择与特定受访者最相关，最有信息的项目。从而优化测试的相关性和准确性。项目响应理论（IRT）为选择对特定响应者信息最丰富的项目以及在通用度量标准上对响应评分提供了基础。物料库的开发是一个多阶段的过程，需要对要测量的构造进行清晰的定义，好的物料，对物料进行仔细的心理计量分析以及对最终的CAT进行明确的规范。心理分析需要评估IRT模型的假设，例如一维性和局部独立性。这些项目在人口的不同亚组中的功能相同；并且数据和所选项目响应模型之间有足够的拟合度。此外，需要建立解释指南以帮助评估的临床应用。尽管医学研究可以利用项目库和CAT开发中教育测试的专业知识，但医学领域也面临着独特的机遇和挑战。

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