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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary International >Airolo-Madrano (TI): Palaeoenvironment and subsistence strategies of a hilltop settlement in the southern Swiss Alps during the Bronze and Iron Ages
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Airolo-Madrano (TI): Palaeoenvironment and subsistence strategies of a hilltop settlement in the southern Swiss Alps during the Bronze and Iron Ages

机译：Airolo-Madrano（TI）：青铜时代和铁器时代，瑞士南部阿尔卑斯山的山顶居民区的古环境和生存策略

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摘要

The study of the Leventina valley site of Airolo-Madrano "In Grop" (Ticino, Switzerland; altitude 1156 m asl), inhabited during the Bronze and Iron Ages, is important in the current debate about mountain societies and economies in pre- and protohistoric times. The compilation of botanical data (seeds, pollen, charcoal) gathered during the excavations helps to define the type of occupation, the subsistence and the human impact on the upper Leventina valley between c. 1650 and 200 cal. BCE. Subsistence and husbandry activities, including cultivation, gathering, collecting of bedding and forage, even grazing in the forests, seems to have evolved in the local landscape. Under growing anthropogenic or environmental pressure from the Late/Final Bronze Age onwards, the opening of the landscape was not associated with expanding settlements, but more probably with a shift in forest subsistence economy activities. Like at other mid-altitude mountain sites in Switzerland and in bordering countries (Austria, Italy), barley (Hordum vulgare) was the most common crop, followed by other cereals (Triticum dicoccon, Tr. spelta, cf. Tr. aestivum/turgidum, cf. Panicum miliaceum), pulses (Pisum sativum, cf. Vicia faba beginning in the Iron Age) and oil-producing plants (Linum usitatissimum). Clear indicators of contact with the subalpine range that dominates the region of Madrano have not been found. However, the results of landscape surveys in that area show a human presence earlier, contemporary and later than that of the mountain dwelling in the valley, and moreover suggest that the tree line was at an elevation of more than 2000 m asl in the Bronze Age. The presence of pollen and cereal fruit in the Late Bronze Age (Hordeum vulgare) and post-Medieval periods (remains of threshing of Triticum cf. dicoccon/monococcum) might imply cultivation in high altitudes, the upper elevation of which remains undetermined, in spite of the coincidence between palaeoclimatical proxies and ethnographic data. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
机译：在青铜时代和铁器时代居住的Airolo-Madrano“ In Grop”地区Leventina山谷遗址的研究（瑞士提契诺州，海拔1156 m asl），在当前有关史前和原史山区社会和经济的辩论中很重要次。在挖掘过程中收集的植物数据（种子，花粉，木炭）的收集有助于定义职业类型，生计和人类对c之间的Leventina山谷的影响。 1650和200卡路里公元前。包括种植，收集，收集被褥和草料在内的生计和畜牧活动，甚至在森林中放牧，似乎已经在当地景观中发展。在晚期/最后的青铜时代以后，人为的或环境的压力越来越大，景观的开放与定居点的扩大无关，而更可能与森林生存经济活动的转变有关。像瑞士和其他边境国家（奥地利，意大利）的其他中海拔山区一样，大麦（大麦草）是最常见的农作物，其次是其他谷物（Triticum dicoccon，Tr。spelta，参见Tr。aestivum / turgidum） （参见Panicum miliaceum），豆类（Pisum sativum，参见铁器时代开始的野豌豆）和产油植物（Linum usitatissimum）。尚未发现与主导Madrano地区的亚高山山脉接触的明确指标。但是，该地区的景观调查结果表明，人类的存在比山谷中山区的人类存在的时间更早，更现代且更晚，而且表明在青铜时代树线的海拔高度超过2000 m 。在青铜时代晚期（大麦）和中世纪后时期（小麦粒脱粒的残留物，参见dicoccon / monococcum），花粉和谷类水果的存在可能暗示着在高海拔地区进行耕种，尽管其高程仍未确定气候代理与人种学数据的巧合。 （C）2017爱思唯尔有限公司和INQUA。版权所有。

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