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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary International >The Dry Puna as an ecological megapatch and the peopling of South America: Technology, mobility, and the development of a late Pleistocene/early Holocene Andean hunter-gatherer tradition in northern Chile
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The Dry Puna as an ecological megapatch and the peopling of South America: Technology, mobility, and the development of a late Pleistocene/early Holocene Andean hunter-gatherer tradition in northern Chile

机译：干P鱼作为生态大片和南美地区的人口：技术，流动性以及智利北部更新世/早全新世安第斯山脉狩猎采集者传统的发展

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摘要

Current scientific evidence shows that humans colonized South America at least 15,000 years ago, but there are still many unknown aspects of this process, including the major and minor migratory routes involved, and the pattern of successive occupation of a diverse continental mosaic of ecosystems. In this context, the role of the Andean highlands (>= 3400 meters above sea level) has been neglected, because of the supposedly harsh conditions for humans including hypoxia and cold climate. Nevertheless, the environmental and cultural resources available in the high Andes constitutes an important "megapatch" that should be assessed in terms of human settlement patterns. We review the evidence for late Pleistocene/early Holocene hunter-gatherer occupation of one part of this megapatch, the northern Chilean Dry Puna, in its palaeoecological context. We focus on lithic technology, faunal remains, radiocarbon dates, and other archaeological materials related to different social activities, which allow us to suggest that groups of hunter-gatherers organized and adapted their way of life to highland ecosystems through logistical mobility, and curatorial strategies for lithic tool kits that included projectile points and other formalized tools. The morphology and technological processes involved are recognized over vast territories along the high Andes. We identify this material expression as the high south central Andean Archaic hunter-gatherer tradition, which also featured long distance mobile settlement systems and communication processes over this broad and distinct megapatch. More speculatively, we outline the hypothesis that these highland ecosystems constituted a suitable migratory route that may have been key for the early peopling of the continent, and contrast it with the alternative hypothesis of the initially secondary and seasonally intermittent exploitation of this habitat by hunter-gatherers dispersing along the Pacific coastal corridor. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
机译：当前的科学证据表明，人类至少在15,000年前就已定居南美，但这一过程仍然存在许多未知的方面，包括主要和次要的迁徙路线，以及不断占领各种生态系统的大陆的格局。在这种情况下，安第斯高地（海拔> = 3400米）的作用被忽略了，因为据称对人类的恶劣条件包括缺氧和寒冷的气候。尽管如此，安第斯山脉高处可利用的环境和文化资源构成了重要的“大片地带”，应根据人类住区的方式对其进行评估。在古生态学背景下，我们回顾了晚更新世/早全新世猎人-采集者占领这一巨型补丁的一部分的证据，即智利北部的Dry Puna。我们专注于石器技术，动物遗骸，放射性碳数据和其他与不同社会活动有关的考古材料，这使我们能够建议狩猎采集者群体通过后勤流动和策展策略来组织生活方式，使其适应高地生态系统用于包含射弹点和其他形式化工具的石器工具包。沿高安第斯山脉的广阔领土公认所涉及的形态和工艺过程。我们认为这种物质表现形式是安第斯中南部高古迹的狩猎者和采集者的传统，在这个广阔而独特的大片土地上，它还具有远距离移动定居系统和通信过程。从推测的角度出发，我们概述了以下假设：这些高原生态系统构成了一条合适的迁徙路线，这可能是该大陆早期人居的关键，并将其与由猎人-对该栖息地进行的最初的次要和季节性间歇性开发的另一种假设进行了对比，收集者沿着太平洋沿海走廊散布。 （C）2017爱思唯尔有限公司和INQUA。版权所有。

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  • 来源
    《Quaternary International》 |2017年第15期|41-53|共13页
  • 作者

    Osorio Daniela; Steele James; Sepulveda Marcela; Gayo Eugenia M.; Capriles Jose M.; Herrera Katherine; Ugalde Paula; De Pol-Holz Ricardo; Latorre Claudio; Santoro Calogero M.;

  • 作者单位

    UCL, Inst Archaeol, 31-34 Gordon Sq, London WC1H 0PY, England|Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Lab Arqueol & Paleoambiente, Antofagasta 1520,Casilla 6-D, Arica 100236, Chile;

    UCL, Inst Archaeol, 31-34 Gordon Sq, London WC1H 0PY, England;

    Univ Tarapaca, Lab Anal & Invest Arqueo Metr, Lab Arqueol & Paleoambiente, Inst Alta Invest, Antofagasta 1520,Casilla 6-D, Arica 100236, Chile;

    Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Barrio Univ S-N, Concepcion, Chile|Ctr Climate & Resilience Res CR 2, Santiago 2002, Chile;

    Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA;

    Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Lab Arqueol & Paleoambiente, Antofagasta 1520,Casilla 6-D, Arica 100236, Chile|Univ Paris X Nanterre, UMR Prehist & Technol Maison Rene Ginouves, 200 Ave Republ, F-92001 Nanterre, France;

    Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Lab Arqueol & Paleoambiente, Antofagasta 1520,Casilla 6-D, Arica 100236, Chile|Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA;

    Univ Magallanes, GAIA Antartica, Punta Arenas, Chile;

    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile|Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr UC Desierto Atacama, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile|IEB, Santiago 3425, Chile;

    Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Lab Arqueol & Paleoambiente, Antofagasta 1520,Casilla 6-D, Arica 100236, Chile;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Early peopling of south America; South central Andean Archaic; Dry Puna; High Andes; Late Pleistocene; Megapatch;

    机译：南美早期人种;安第斯中南部古生物;干普纳省;安第斯山脉中部;晚更新世;梅加帕奇;

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